受威胁的科学？一项经济学领域的自然实验
Science under Threat? A Natural Experiment in Economics
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究以美国2025年初发布的词汇黑名单为自然实验，发现高度依赖联邦资金的大学经济学家因政治压力大幅减少使用黑名单中与性别、种族、环境相关的词汇，证实学者会强烈响应政治压力。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
学术自由在全球范围内正面临日益严峻的压力。为研究学者是否以及如何应对政治压力，我们利用一项自然实验：美国政府于2025年初发布的一份被标记词汇的“黑名单”。我们发现，与联邦资金依赖度较低的机构学者或英国学者相比，该名单的发布导致高度依赖联邦资金的大学经济学家使用这些被标记词汇的情况大幅减少。这一下降由与性别、种族和环境相关的内容驱动。我们表明，这些变化并非单纯的语义层面，而是反映了论文的实际内容，且个人资金状况或作者的时间不变特征均未驱动该效应。我们还记录了按系所质量、作者性别和种族划分的异质性效应，研究结果与学者会强烈响应政治压力的观点一致。
英文摘要
Academic freedom has come under growing strain worldwide. To study whether and how academics respond to political pressure, we exploit a natural experiment: the publication in early 2025 of a "blacklist" of words flagged by the U.S. government. We find that the release of this list led to a sharp reduction in the use of these flagged words among economists at universities that rely heavily on federal funding, relative to scholars from institutions that are less dependent on federal funding or based in the UK. The drop is driven by content related to gender, race, and environment. We show that changes are not simply semantic but reflect actual paper content and that neither the individual funding status nor time-invariant author characteristics are driving the effects. We also document interesting heterogeneous effects by department quality and author gender and ethnicity. Our findings are consistent with the idea that scholars respond strongly to political pressure.
