通过自旋态的光控实现冷原子共磁强计
Cold-atom comagnetometry via optical control of spin states
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究基于$^{171}$Yb与$^{173}$Yb核自旋，通过光晶格偏振与薛定谔猫态抑制光移，实现自旋相干时间60秒的冷原子共磁强计，获磁噪声抑制超$3\times10^4$，为超出标准模型的物理搜寻提供新平台。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
基于原子自旋的共磁强计是用于精密传感和基础物理检验的强大工具。与广泛使用的气室共磁强计系统相比，冷原子系统可实现更短的作用距离，并能应用光学量子控制技术。然而，为了让冷原子实现长自旋相干时间，必须使用抗磁原子并克服光移引起的退相干。本文展示了一种冷原子共磁强计，它基于共同囚禁在光晶格中的$^{171}$Yb（自旋-1/2）和$^{173}$Yb（自旋-5/2）的核自旋；通过保证光晶格的线偏振来抑制矢量光移，通过使用薛定谔猫态来抑制$^{173}$Yb的张量光移，这使得两种同位素都能同时进行拉曼干涉测量，自旋相干时间达60秒。我们实现了超过$3\times10^4$的磁噪声抑制因子，并将核磁矩比值的测量精度达到4 ppm。我们的结果建立了一种用于基于自旋的传感的新型冷原子平台，为量子增强型超出标准模型的物理现象搜寻开辟了途径。
英文摘要
Atomic spin-based comagnetometers are powerful tools for precision sensing and tests of fundamental physics. Compared with the widely used gas-cell comagnetometer systems, cold-atom systems offer access to much shorter distance scales and allow implementation of {optical} quantum control techniques. However, in order to realize long spin coherence times with cold atoms, it is necessary to employ diamagnetic atoms and overcome decoherence induced by light shifts. Here we demonstrate a cold-atom comagnetometer based on the nuclear spins of $^{171}$Yb (spin-1/2) and $^{173}$Yb (spin-5/2), jointly trapped in an optical lattice. Vector light shifts are suppressed by enforcing linear polarization of the lattice, while tensor shifts in $^{173}$Yb are suppressed via the use of a Schrödinger cat state. This enables simultaneous Ramsey interferometry on both isotopes with a spin coherence time of 60 s. We achieve a magnetic noise suppression factor exceeding $3\times10^4$, and determine the ratio of nuclear magnetic moments to 4 ppm precision. Our results establish a new cold-atom platform for spin-based sensing and open pathways toward quantum-enhanced searches for physics beyond the Standard Model.
