量子计算机硬件的小世界结构
Small-world structure of quantum computer hardware
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究揭示量子计算机硬件的量子寄存器态网络具有小世界特性，其渗流转变对应量子混沌起始，可将系统规模扩展至30量子比特。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们证明，量子计算机（QC）的量子寄存器态网络通过量子比特间的残余两体相互作用耦合，表现出与人类社会中复杂网络类似的小世界特性。任意两个态之间最可能的Erdős数约为9，与Milgram报道的社交网络六度分隔相当。利用仅保留超过局域能级间距的相互作用的Åberg准则，我们构建了一个有效的（Åberg）网络，并表明在临界耦合强度以上，该网络渗流形成覆盖几乎整个量子寄存器空间的巨分量。这种渗流转变与此前通过代价高昂的精确对角化确立的量子混沌和动力学热化的起始紧密匹配，而我们的方法将可访问的系统规模扩展到了n_q=30个量子比特。
英文摘要
We show that the network of quantum register states of a quantum computer (QC), coupled through residual two-body interactions between qubits, exhibits small-world properties analogous to those of complex networks found in human society. The most probable Erdős number between any two states is about 9, comparable to the six degrees of separation reported by Milgram for social networks. Using the $\mathring{A}$berg criterion, which retains only interactions exceeding the local energy spacing, we construct an effective ($\mathring{A}$berg) network and show that, above a critical coupling strength, this network percolates into a giant component spanning nearly the whole quantum register space. This percolation transition closely matches the onset of quantum chaos and dynamical thermalization established previously via costly exact diagonalization, while our approach extends the accessible system size up to $n_q=30$ qubits.
