AI 中文总结
该研究开发了基于RFSoC的二倍频程KID读出系统，采用重叠信道多相合成滤波器组，满足CCAT Prime-Cam仪器的带宽需求，经测试噪声性能与前代相当，可支持多探测器读出且具备良好扩展性。
AI 中文摘要
下一代亚毫米波仪器需要吉赫兹级的读出带宽，以支撑大型微波动态电感探测器（KID）阵列不断增长的探测器数量。为满足CCAT Prime-Cam的850 GHz和410 GHz仪器模块的读出带宽与音调容量需求，我们在Xilinx ZCU111射频片上系统（RFSoC）上开发了第二代（Gen2）KID读出系统，该系统基于并行化重叠信道多相合成滤波器组及配套的宽带接收信道化器。此二倍频程架构可读出4个独立射频网络，每个网络具备1.024 GHz瞬时带宽，最多支持2048个探测器。多相合成将基线信道数与带宽翻倍，支持对单个音调的频率、幅度和相位进行动态控制，便于优化KID偏置并为音调跟踪提供可能，这些能力在Prime-Cam及类似频分复用（FDM）读出系统中也有广泛应用价值。我们在DSP仿真、射频环回以及两个KID测试芯片（其中一个覆盖完整二倍频程）上对该设计进行了验证。环回测量显示第二代（Gen2）与第一代（Gen1）基线的噪声性能相当；初步的共振/非共振测量表明，大多数通道处于探测器噪声限制的工作状态；同时我们还对数字信道串扰进行了测量与讨论。此外，我们报告了FPGA资源与功耗利用率，并评估了其向未来大尺寸KID仪器扩展的可行性。
英文摘要
Next-generation submillimeter instruments require gigahertz-scale readout bandwidths to support the growing detector counts of large microwave kinetic inductance detector (KID) arrays. Designed to meet the readout bandwidth and tone-capacity requirements of the CCAT Prime-Cam 850 GHz and 410 GHz instrument modules, we developed our second-generation (Gen2) KID readout system on a Xilinx ZCU111 radio frequency system-on-chip (RFSoC), based on a parallelized overlap-channel polyphase synthesis filter bank and a companion wideband receiving channelizer. This two-octave architecture reads out four independent RF networks, each with 1.024 GHz instantaneous bandwidth and up to 2048 detectors. The polyphase synthesis doubles the baseline channel count and bandwidth, and enables on-the-fly control of individual tone frequency, amplitude and phase, facilitating optimized KID biasing and providing a gateway to tone tracking. These capabilities may also be useful more broadly across Prime-Cam and in similar frequency-division multiplexed (FDM) readout systems. We present the design in DSP simulation, and measurements in RF loopback as well as with two KID test chips, one spanning the full two-octave band. Loopback measurements demonstrate comparable noise performance between the first-generation (Gen1) baseline and Gen2; preliminary on/off-resonance measurements indicate detector-noise-limited operation for the majority of channels; and the digital channel crosstalk is measured and discussed. We report FPGA resource and power utilization and assess scalability toward future large-format KID instruments.
CommentsSubmitted to the proceedings of Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XIII, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2026. Paper No. 14156-101
