AI 中文总结
本研究提出一种计入三维会聚/发散束流横向电流贡献的广义空间电荷求解器，给出高斯分布束流半解析解与任意分布数值解，评估发现该附加力在FCC-ee、ILC及LCLS-II-HE的特定场景下对电子束品质无显著影响。
AI 中文摘要
非线性空间电荷效应在高强度、高亮度束流的动力学中起着关键作用。传统空间电荷力随束流能量升高，按相对论洛伦兹因子（$γ$）的平方反比关系衰减，但这种抑制效应可能并不适用于电磁力的所有分量。本文提出一种广义空间电荷求解器，可计入三维（3D）会聚或发散束流中横向电流的贡献。研究表明，横向电流产生的这些附加力与$γ$无显式依赖关系，在特定高能应用中可能具有重要影响。针对具有高斯密度分布的三维会聚或发散束流，我们给出了半解析解，并确定了这些横向电流力与传统空间电荷力大小相当的工作区间。此外，我们还提出了适用于任意密度分布的广义模型数值解。最后，我们评估了这些力对FCC-ee和ILC相互作用区中强会聚电子束，以及LCLS-II-HE第二聚束器中电子束的影响；结果表明，在这些特定场景下，这些附加力不会显著改变最终电子束的品质。
英文摘要
Nonlinear space-charge effects play a critical role in the dynamics of high-intensity, high-brightness beams. While conventional space-charge forces scale inversely with the square of the relativistic Lorentz factor ($γ$) as beam energy increases, this suppression may not apply to all components of the electromagnetic force. In this paper, we present a generalized space-charge solver that accounts for contributions from transverse currents in three-dimensional (3D) converging or diverging beams. We demonstrate that these additional forces from transverse currents lack an explicit dependence on $γ$, potentially rendering them significant in specific high-energy applications. We provide a semi-analytical solution for a 3D converging or diverging beam with the Gaussian density distribution and identify the regimes in which these transverse current forces become comparable to conventional space-charge forces. Furthermore, we present a numerical solution for the generalized model applicable to arbitrary density distributions. Finally, we evaluate the impact of these forces on strongly converging electron beams within the interaction regions of the FCC-ee and ILC, as well as the second bunch compressor of LCLS-II-HE; our results indicate that these extra forces do not significantly alter the final electron beam quality in these specific cases.
