FOSSIL的初步热架构
FOSSIL's preliminary thermal architecture
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文介绍ESA拟议CMB探测任务FOSSIL的初步热架构，采用分级被动冷却链与ADR实现所需低温，各阶段热裕度为正，详细热预算将后续发表。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
FOSSIL（FTS fOr CMB Spectral diStortIon expLoration，即宇宙微波背景频谱畸变探测的傅里叶变换光谱仪任务）是一项拟议的欧洲空间局（ESA）M8任务，旨在测量宇宙微波背景（CMB）的频谱畸变单极，其灵敏度比COBE/FIRAS的 legacy（ legacy 保留原名）测量结果高出三个数量级。要达到该灵敏度，需要极具挑战性的低温架构：科学仪器必须维持在4.5 K，而探测器焦平面组件则工作在50 mK。本文概述了FOSSIL有效载荷的初步热架构，从293 K的航天器服务舱到亚开尔文级探测器级的设计。该设计借鉴了Planck和ARIEL任务的技术遗产，依赖于分级被动冷却链，包括多层隔热毯、三个V型槽辐射器（分别工作在约130 K、90 K和50 K），以及由ESA提供的4 K机械制冷机馈送的25 K主动冷却屏蔽层。亚开尔文温度通过为NewAthena/X-IFU开发的多级绝热去磁制冷机（ADR）实现，可在1.8 K和350 mK提供连续冷却，并以80%的占空比实现50 mK冷却。焦平面组件（FPA）容纳四个工作在50 mK的动电感探测器（KID）阵列，通过带有分级热拦截的碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）六足结构与4.5 K平台热隔离。本文概述了分级冷却概念，并表明该架构在每个阶段都具有正热裕度；详细的稳态热预算将在后续的专门论文中呈现。
英文摘要
FOSSIL (FTS fOr CMB Spectral diStortIon expLoration) is a proposed ESA M8 mission tailored to measure the spectral distortions monopole of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) with a sensitivity three orders of magnitude beyond the COBE/FIRAS legacy measurement. Achieving this sensitivity demands an extraordinarily challenging cryogenic architecture: the scientific instrument must be maintained at 4.5 K, while the detector focal plane assembly operates at 50 mK. This paper presents an overview of the preliminary thermal architecture of the FOSSIL payload, from the spacecraft service module at 293~K down to the sub-kelvin detector stage. The design draws on heritage from the Planck and ARIEL missions and relies on a staged passive cooling chain comprising a multi-layer insulation blanket, three V-groove radiators (operating at approximately 130 K, 90 K, and 50 K), and a 25 K actively cooled shield fed by an ESA-provided 4 K mechanical cryocooler. Sub-kelvin temperatures are achieved via a multi-stage adiabatic demagnetisation refrigerator (ADR) developed for NewAthena/X-IFU, providing continuous cooling at 1.8 K and 350 mK, and 50 mK with an 80% duty cycle. The Focal Plane Assembly (FPA), housing four Kinetic Inductance Detector (KID) arrays at 50 mK, is thermally isolated from the 4.5 K bench via a carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) hexapod with staged heat interception. We outline the staged cooling concept and show that the architecture closes with positive thermal margins at every stage; the detailed steady-state thermal budget will be presented in a forthcoming dedicated paper.
