AI 中文总结
针对6G数字孪生信道电磁参数校准的效率与精度瓶颈，提出SGWO-IM算法，通过代理模型预筛选与优化策略，使RT仿真调用量降62.5%、RMSE降至2.97 dB，实现效率与精度的平衡。
AI 中文摘要
高保真射线追踪（RT）信道重建是构建6G无线通信时代数字孪生的基础步骤。然而，复杂电磁材料参数的精确校准面临双重挑战：计算开销巨大且精度要求严格。为克服该瓶颈，本文提出一种带个体记忆的代理辅助灰狼优化（SGWO-IM）算法，可同时提升计算效率与校准精度。在计算效率方面，将在线代理模型无缝嵌入候选预筛选的评估流程，大幅降低对耗时的真实RT仿真的依赖；在校准精度方面，融入自适应收敛与个体记忆策略优化全局参数搜索路径，有效提升重建信道与实测数据的一致性。经高密度城市场景实测信道数据验证，所提算法仅需225次真实RT仿真调用，而标准灰狼优化（GWO）需600次，计算开销降低62.5%；同时，最终均方根误差（RMSE）从GWO的3.65 dB大幅降至2.97 dB。结果表明，SGWO-IM算法在效率与精度上均取得显著进展，为电磁环境重建提供了可有效平衡效率与精度的解决方案。
英文摘要
High-fidelity ray-tracing (RT) channel reconstruction is a fundamental step toward building digital twins for the era of 6G wireless communications. However, precise calibration of complex electromagnetic material parameters remains a dual challenge characterized by massive computational overhead and strict accuracy requirements. To overcome this bottleneck, we propose a Surrogate-assisted Grey Wolf Optimizer with Individual Memory (SGWO-IM) algorithm that simultaneously improves computational efficiency and calibration accuracy. In terms of computational efficiency, an online surrogate model is seamlessly embedded into the evaluation workflow for candidate pre-screening, substantially reducing the reliance on highly time-consuming real RT simulations. Regarding calibration accuracy, adaptive convergence and individual memory strategies are incorporated to optimize the global parameter search path, effectively enhancing the consistency between the reconstructed channel and measured data. Validated against measured channel data from a high-density urban scenario, the proposed algorithm requires only 225 real RT simulation calls compared to the 600 calls needed by the standard Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), cutting computational overhead by 62.5%. Concurrently, the final Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is substantially reduced from the 3.65 dB of GWO to 2.97 dB. The results demonstrate that the SGWO-IM algorithm achieves significant advancements in both efficiency and precision, providing a solution that effectively balances efficiency and accuracy for electromagnetic environment reconstruction.
