量子多体动力学的脉冲工程：涌现的疤痕态、纠缠与非稳定化
Pulse Engineering of Quantum Many-Body Dynamics: Emergent Scar States, Entanglement, and Nonstabilizerness
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究采用脉冲工程方案构造可连续插值的有效哈密顿量，揭示了插值过程中涌现的疤痕态、纠缠平台等性质，发现量子混沌与量子资源生成部分解耦，确立了脉冲工程的通用框架价值。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
理解并相干控制相互作用量子多体系统的性质是非平衡量子物理中的核心挑战。在过去数十年间，人们已引入了大量多体哈密顿量来研究量子混沌、非本征本征态及量子资源，但在单一微观模型内系统地构建并连续调控这些性质的工作仍未得到充分探索。在此，我们采用脉冲工程方案构造有效哈密顿量，使其可在带有局域杂质的混沌海森堡（XXX）链与ZX哈密顿量之间连续插值。沿该插值路径，我们在激发态谱中识别出多类可解析处理的非本征本征态，它们具有截然不同的纠缠与非稳定化性质。在XXX极限下，这些态的纠缠和稳定化Rényi熵均呈现精确平台，对应长程价键固体（VBS）态的相干叠加。随着脉冲强度增加，有效哈密顿量在低能谱中呈现一系列新的近似纠缠平台。有趣的是，在完全脉冲工程的ZX极限下，我们发现一对具有长程纠缠的稳定化本征态，对应彩虹疤痕态。我们进一步表明，脉冲工程保留了原始模型中截然不同的混沌与非混沌区域，而这在纠缠与非稳定化的动力学生成中基本不存在；脉冲工程模型在两个区域生成几乎相同的量子资源，揭示了量子混沌与量子资源生成之间的部分解耦。我们的结果确立了脉冲工程作为一种通用框架，可用于生成具有结构化本征态和可调控量子资源的多体哈密顿量。
英文摘要
Understanding and coherently controlling the properties of interacting quantum many-body systems is a central challenge in non-equilibrium quantum physics. While in the past decades, a wide range of many-body Hamiltonians have been introduced to study quantum chaos, atypical eigenstates, and quantum resources, systematically engineering and continuously tuning these properties within a single microscopic model remains largely unexplored. Here, we employ a pulse engineering scheme to construct an effective Hamiltonian that continuously interpolates between a chaotic Heisenberg (XXX) chain with a local impurity and the ZX Hamiltonian. Along this interpolation, we identify several families of analytically tractable atypical eigenstates embedded in the excited-state spectrum with distinct entanglement and nonstabilizerness properties. In the XXX limit, these states exhibit exact plateaus in both entanglement and stabilizer Rényi entropy and correspond to coherent superpositions of long-range valence-bond solid (VBS) states. As the pulse strength increases, the effective Hamiltonians exhibit a hierarchy of new set of approximate entanglement plateaus in the low-energy spectrum. Interestingly, in the fully pulse-engineered ZX limit, we uncover a distinct pair of long-range entangled stabilizer eigenstates, corresponding to rainbow scar states. We further show that pulse engineering preserves the distinct chaotic and non-chaotic regimes of the original model, while that is largely absent in the dynamical generation of entanglement and nonstabilizerness. The pulse-engineered models generate nearly identical quantum resources in both regimes, revealing a partial decoupling between quantum chaos and quantum-resource generation. Our results establish pulse engineering as a versatile framework for generating many-body Hamiltonians with structured eigenstates and tunable quantum resources.
