二维量子磁体中的界面相与动力学：从普适性到量子模拟的“全息”方法
Interface phases and dynamics in two-dimensional quantum magnets: A "holographic" approach from universality to quantum simulation
中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究提出基于有效一维哈密顿量的“全息”框架，分类二维量子磁体界面的量子相、相变与非平衡动力学，预测非平衡标度律，可在中性原子阵列实验中验证。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们引入了一个框架，用于分类二维量子磁体中分隔有序体域的界面的量子相、相变及非平衡动力学——等价于对偶格点规范理论中的禁闭弦——该框架基于描述几何涨落的有效一维哈密顿量。基于[Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 120601 (2022)]提出的“全息”方法（此处被重新解释为精确玻色化），我们揭示了丰富的量子相结构，存在多种刚性和粗糙界面相，分别由有隙和无隙的一维基态描述，所有这些均可通过二维波函数快照的统计特性加以区分。我们的框架使我们能够预测参数空间中由曲率驱动的非平衡界面动力学的不同时空标度律，这些规律可在现有实验中轻易探测。最后，我们表明该方法为直接测量编码一维系统的电荷全计数统计和对称分辨性质提供了前所未有的实验机会，我们通过数值模拟中性原子阵列实验明确演示了这一点。
英文摘要
We introduce a framework to classify quantum phases, phase transitions, and non-equilibrium dynamics of interfaces separating ordered bulk domains in 2D quantum magnets - equivalently, confining strings in dual lattice gauge theories - based on effective 1D Hamiltonians governing geometric fluctuations. Building on a "holographic" approach from [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 120601 (2022)], here reinterpreted as an exact bosonization, we uncover a rich quantum phase structure, with a variety of stiff and rough interface phases described by gapped and gapless 1D ground states, respectively, all distinguishable through the statistics of 2D wave-function snapshots. Our framework allows us to predict distinct spatiotemporal scaling laws for non-equilibrium curvature-driven interface dynamics across parameter space, which can be readily probed in existing experiments. We finally show that our approach enables the unprecedented experimental opportunity of directly measuring charge full counting statistics and symmetry-resolved properties of an encoded 1D system, as we explicitly demonstrate by numerically simulating a neutral-atom array experiment.
