太阳活动区的半球不对称性源于嵌套群
Hemispheric Asymmetry of Solar Active Regions Arises from a Nested Population
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究通过分析NOAA活动区数据，发现太阳活动区的半球不对称性源于参与活动巢的活动区，且与中间时间尺度的发电机变率存在潜在关联。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们研究了第22至24太阳周期间NOAA活动区（ARs）的经度-时间分布，发现AR浮现存在统计上显著的南北半球不对称性。利用活动巢识别算法，我们表明这种不对称性集中在参与巢的AR子集中。巢成员AR表现出比全部AR群或非巢AR群大得多的半球不对称性，当排除巢成员AR时，这种不对称性基本消失。采用随机经度和时间扰动的蒙特卡洛检验显示，观测到的嵌套现象和不对称性超出随机预期，这意味着约6%至18%的AR参与了非随机、半球不对称的嵌套成分。这种不对称性与时间偏移的活动爆发以及半球间不同的经度聚类相关，导致太阳AR的经度-时间分布中的跨赤道相干性降低。嵌套活动增强及半球不对称性的区间与半球准两年变率增强、大尺度太阳磁场的时间演化大致重合，表明中间时间尺度的发电机变率与太阳活动的半球组织之间可能存在关联。
英文摘要
We investigate the longitude--time distribution of NOAA active regions (ARs) during Solar Cycles 22--24 and find statistically significant North--South asymmetry in AR emergence. Using an activity-nest identification algorithm, we show that this asymmetry is concentrated in the subset of ARs that participate in nests. Nest-member ARs exhibit substantially larger hemispheric asymmetry than either the full AR population or the non-nest population, and the asymmetry is largely removed when nest-member ARs are excluded. Monte Carlo tests with randomized longitudes and temporal perturbations show that the observed nesting and asymmetry exceed random expectations, implying that $\sim$6--18\% of ARs participate in a non-random, hemispherically asymmetric nesting component. This asymmetry is associated with temporally offset bursts of activity and distinct longitudinal clustering between the hemispheres, leading to reduced cross-equatorial coherence in the longitude--time distribution of solar ARs. Intervals of enhanced nesting activity and hemispheric asymmetry broadly coincide with enhanced hemispheric quasi-biennial variability and temporal evolution of the large-scale solar magnetic field, suggesting a possible connection between intermediate-timescale dynamo variability and the hemispheric organization of solar activity.
