AI 中文总结
该研究针对低于100°C的低品位废热回收，通过三项系统设计改进研发热弹性 harvestor，其功率密度及单位材料成本功率均优于同类型其他 harvestor 与热电发电机。
AI 中文摘要
低于100°C的低品位废热是固态能量转换领域最大的未开发机遇之一，三种铁电途径是回收该资源的候选方案：热磁、热释电和热弹性 harvestor。尽管基础的NiTi形状记忆合金线材已取得数十年进展，但热弹性 harvestor 仍是最未被探索的。三项系统设计改进填补了这一空白：一种回收预应变能量的主-从架构、一种设定力-应变平衡的连续可调预应变机制、一种将循环频率与线材长度解耦的横向水流。该 harvestor 经直接测量，活性材料的功率密度达366 mW/cm³，约为次优热弹性装置的1.7倍，领先所有已报道的热磁和热释电发电机，且在该温度区间的单位材料成本功率方面优于最佳热电发电机。该系统通过力和位移测量直接映射参数空间，无需使用材料性能估计，为装置工作时合金的响应提供了定量描述。
英文摘要
Low-grade waste heat below 100 degC is one of the largest untapped opportunities in solid-state energy conversion. Three ferroic routes are candidates for recovering this resource: thermomagnetic, pyroelectric, and thermoelastic harvesters. The last has remained the most unexplored, despite decades of progress on the underlying NiTi shape-memory alloy wires. Three system-design changes close this gap: a protagonist-antagonist architecture that recovers the energy for prestraining, a continuously tunable prestrain mechanism that sets the force-strain balance, and transversal water flow that decouples cycle frequency from wire length. The resulting harvester delivers a directly measured power density of 366 mW/cm^3 with respect to the active material, about 1.7 times the next-best thermoelastic device, ahead of every reported thermomagnetic and pyroelectric generator, and outperforming the best thermoelectric generators in this temperature range also with respect to power per material cost. The system maps the parameter space directly through force and displacement measurements, without using material-property estimates, giving a quantitative picture of how the alloy responds while the device is doing work.
Comments26 pages, including supplementary
