最大效率下的理想热机循环:理想气体及其他情况
Ideal heat engine cycles at maximal efficiency -- the ideal gas and beyond
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究探究特定热机循环的最优工作介质,推导理想斯特林、奥托、布雷顿循环的精确表达式,发现工作介质与温度线性相关的系统可实现最大效率,涵盖理想气体、经典简谐振子及橡皮筋唯象模型。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
给定特定的热机循环,能产生最高效率的最优工作介质是什么?人们可能会立刻得出结论,认为肯定是理想气体,但实际情况更为复杂。我们从一个依赖于摩尔体积和温度多项式的一般亥姆霍兹势出发,推导了理想斯特林循环、奥托循环和布雷顿循环的精确表达式。我们发现,在热力学系统中,最大效率普遍由工作介质与温度呈线性关系的系统实现,这既包括理想气体,也包括经典简谐振子和橡皮筋的唯象模型。
英文摘要
Given a particular heat engine cycle, what is the optimal working medium that results in the highest efficiency? While one might jump to the conclusion that it must surely be the ideal gas, the situation is actually more intricate. Starting with a general Helmholtz potential that depends polynomially on molar volume and temperature we derive exact expressions for the ideal Stirling, Otto, and Brayton cycles. We find that for the thermodynamic systems described by our ansatz for the Helmholtz potential the maximal efficiency is achieved, if the working medium is described by a fundamental relation linear in temperature. This includes the ideal gas, but also classical harmonic oscillators and phenomenological models of the rubber band.
发表机构
- University of Maryland, College Park(马里兰大学帕克分校)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County(马里兰大学巴尔的摩郡分校)
- Quantum Science Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County(马里兰大学巴尔的摩郡分校量子科学研究所)
- National Quantum Laboratory(国家量子实验室)
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