作为广域灾害信息基础设施的中波调幅广播的灾害信息可达性：2024年能登半岛地震的教训
Disaster Information Reachability of Medium-Wave AM Broadcasting as a Wide-Area Disaster Information Infrastructure: Lessons from the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究以2024年能登半岛地震为案例，定义灾害信息可达性，通过接收调查验证中波调幅广播的广域传输能力，建议重新评估其作为灾害信息基础设施的价值。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
2024年能登半岛地震引发大范围停电、通信中断和道路损毁，地震后立即发布了海啸预警，凸显了可靠灾害信息传输的重要性。能登半岛三面临海，交通网络有限，社区隔离及保障可靠信息传输成为关键挑战。本研究将“灾害信息可达性”定义为在需要时向有需求者传递必要信息的能力，并从该视角考察中波调幅广播的作用。2024年9月，作者使用商用无线电接收机及包括HOOPRA在内的无源无线电接收机，开展了从金泽市到珠洲市的移动接收调查，以及珠洲市的定点接收调查。新潟、富山、秋田及东京的中波电台被清晰接收，尽管当地NHK金泽电台受噪声影响。当时仍在运行的全国大功率NHK广播2号网络，经证实可通过海上传播提供广域、多向的接收路径，彰显了其作为冗余灾害信息基础设施的关键意义。后续政策材料中记录了FM中继站受损情况，却未明确提及中波调幅广播，这表明其灾害信息可达性仍未得到充分认识。中波调幅广播具备广域同步广播能力、大功率覆盖及海上传播特性，在半岛区域可有效发挥灾害信息基础设施的作用，值得为应对南海海沟特大地震等大规模灾害重新评估其价值。
英文摘要
The 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake caused widespread power outages, communication failures, and road disruptions, and a tsunami warning was issued immediately after the earthquake, highlighting the importance of reliable disaster information transmission. The Noto Peninsula is surrounded by the sea on three sides and has limited transportation networks, making community isolation and securing reliable information transmission critical challenges. This study defines "Disaster Information Reachability" as the capacity to deliver necessary information to those who need it when they need it, and examines the role of medium-wave AM broadcasting from this perspective. In September 2024, the author conducted a mobile reception survey from Kanazawa to Suzu City and a fixed-point reception survey in Suzu City using commercially available radio receivers and passive radio receivers, including HOOPRA. Medium-wave stations in Niigata, Toyama, Akita, and Tokyo were clearly received, although the local NHK Kanazawa stations were affected by noise. The nationwide high-power NHK Radio 2 network, which was still operational at the time, was confirmed to provide a wide-area, multidirectional reception pathway through maritime propagation, demonstrating its critical significance as a redundant disaster information infrastructure. The fact that FM relay station damage was documented in subsequent policy materials, while medium-wave AM broadcasting received no explicit attention, suggests that its disaster information reachability remains insufficiently recognized. Medium-wave AM broadcasting, with its wide-area simultaneous broadcast capability, high-power coverage, and maritime propagation characteristics, functions effectively as a disaster information infrastructure in peninsular regions and warrants reassessment in preparation for large-scale disasters such as a Nankai Trough megaquake.
