SPORE：用于多望远镜中微子天文学的事件级采样管道
SPORE: An Event-Level Sampling Pipeline for Multi-Telescope Neutrino Astronomy
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究提出开源Python包SPORE，可模拟多望远镜中微子天文学的中微子事件，经IceCube数据验证其采样框架的一致性与有效性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们提出了一个开源Python包，用于使用制表化的仪器响应函数（IRFs）模拟来自天体物理点源和延展源的中微子事件。该包以与选择无关的HDF5格式编码了三种探测器响应分量——有效面积、点扩展函数和能量分辨率，该格式可表示以该形式提供响应的中微子望远镜，无论是来自公开发布还是私人研究。采样算法覆盖点源（逆累积分布函数（inverse-CDF），支持泊松或固定计数模式）、延展天区分布（分层逆累积分布函数采样，包括完整的赤经和赤纬相关流量图）以及多探测器联合分析。我们通过使用公开的IceCube十年径迹数据发布进行往返一致性测试来验证该框架：将发布的IRFs导入该包并用于生成合成事件集，其赤纬分布在北天的10%-15%范围内再现了观测到的分布；重建能量分布在样本主体部分的偏差约为三分之一，但在600 GeV以下超出数据达三倍，我们将这种差异归因于公开弥散矩阵的真实能量分箱较粗，而非采样问题：对相同IRFs的独立前向折叠可再现该差异。我们进一步与IceCube HESE 7.5年公开数据发布进行比较：采样的沉积能谱跟踪已发布的最佳拟合期望，且观测数据落在由1000个采样伪实验构建的拟合优度分布内，尽管如预期，其处于拟合良好的一侧，因为该期望本身就是对这些数据拟合得到的。
英文摘要
We present an open-source Python package for simulating neutrino events from astrophysical point and extended sources using tabulated instrument response functions (IRFs). The package encodes three detector response components - effective area, point spread function, and energy resolution - in a selection-agnostic HDF5 format, which can represent a neutrino telescope whose response is supplied in that form, whether from a public release or a private study. Sampling algorithms cover point sources (inverse-CDF with Poisson or fixed-count modes), extended sky distributions (hierarchical inverse-CDF sampling, including full RA- and declination-dependent flux maps), and multi-detector joint analyses. We validate the framework via a round-trip consistency test using the publicly available IceCube 10-year tracks data release: the released IRFs are ingested into the package and used to generate a synthetic event set, whose declination distribution reproduces the observed one to 10-15% across the northern sky. The reconstructed-energy distribution agrees to within about a third over the bulk of the sample but exceeds the data by up to a factor of three below 600 GeV, a discrepancy we trace to the coarse true-energy binning of the public smearing matrix rather than to the sampling: an independent forward fold of the same IRFs reproduces it. We further compare against the IceCube HESE 7.5-year public data release: the sampled deposited-energy spectrum tracks the published best-fit expectation, and the observed data fall within the goodness-of-fit distribution built from 1,000 sampled pseudo-experiments, though on its well-fitting side, as expected for an expectation that was itself fit to those data.
