中国电子离子对撞机的物理学
Physics of the Electron-Ion Collider in China
AI总结：
本文综述中国电子离子对撞机（EicC）的物理潜力，结合其运动学覆盖与高亮度的独特能力，重点介绍核子结构研究及相关新兴领域的最新进展。
AI中文摘要：
正在研发的前沿装置中国电子离子对撞机（EicC），旨在通过质心系能量为15-20 GeV、亮度为(2-4)×10³³cm⁻²s⁻¹的高强度极化电子与离子（极化质子、极化氘核、极化³He以及直至铀的非极化重离子）碰撞，揭示核子与原子核的内部结构。其主要物理目标包括核子自旋与动量结构的三维层析成像、核子质量起源的基本问题、原子核的部分子结构以及部分子与核环境的相互作用，还有奇特强子态的探索。本文综述了EicC的物理潜力，并强调其凭借专用运动学覆盖范围与高亮度结合，在推进高精度核子结构研究方面的独特能力。由于三维核子结构等传统主题已被多篇详尽综述覆盖，本文特意用大量篇幅介绍核子质量分解、核子能量-能量关联、量子信息以及人工智能在高能核物理中的应用等领域的最新进展，这些领域发展迅速，已在学界引发大量关注。
英文摘要：
The Electron-Ion Collider in China (EicC), a cutting-edge facility under development, aims to unveil the internal structure of nucleons and nuclei by leveraging collisions of high-intensity polarized electrons and ions (polarized protons, polarized deuterons, polarized $^{3}$He, and unpolarized heavy ions up to Uranium) at center-of-mass energies of 15-20 GeV and luminosity of (2-4)$\times 10^{33}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. Its primary physics objectives include 3D tomography of nucleon spin and momentum structure, fundamental questions regarding the origin of nucleon mass, partonic structure of nuclei and parton interactions with the nuclear environment, and exploration of exotic hadronic states. In this paper, we review the physics potential of the EicC and highlight its unique capabilities for advancing precision nucleon structure studies by combining its specialized kinematic coverage and high luminosity. Since traditional topics like 3D nucleon structure have already been well-covered by several extensive reviews, we have deliberately dedicated significant space to recent progress in nucleon mass decomposition, nucleon energy-energy correlation, quantum information, and artificial intelligence applications in high-energy nuclear physics, which have been emerging rapidly and attracted a tremendous amount of attention in the community.
