AI 中文总结
该研究从相对论量子系统本身推导计算结构，以自旋-1/2的狄拉克信息载体为对象，明确其计算结构，建立单载体可控条件，拓展量子计算的信息载体来源。
AI 中文摘要
量子计算传统上通过假设抽象信息载体，随后识别实现这些载体的物理系统来构建。我们采用相反的观点，探究基本相对论量子系统本身提供了何种计算结构。聚焦于最简单的非平凡有质量自旋载体——自旋-1/2，我们证明其相对论描述通过狄拉克方程提供了一种原生的四维信息载体。由此产生的狄拉克信息载体具有固有的正、负能分解，这诱导出一种受物理约束的计算结构，包括保持子空间和耦合子空间的量子逻辑。将相对论计算结构限制在正能子空间并取非相对论极限，可得到熟知的泡利量子比特描述。我们区分数学幺正变换与物理上可实现的量子门，展示电荷共轭结构、电荷超选择及相关参考系资源如何能在保持子空间结构之外约束量子逻辑。最后，在适当的物理假设下，我们确定该结构支持完全单载体可控性的条件。本工作确立狄拉克信息载体为更广泛纲领中的有质量自旋-1/2实例，该纲领的核心是从底层物理系统携带的相对论表示中推导计算结构。
英文摘要
Quantum computation has traditionally been formulated by postulating abstract information carriers and subsequently identifying physical systems that realize them. We adopt the opposite viewpoint and ask what computational structure is supplied by a fundamental relativistic quantum system itself. Focusing on the simplest nontrivial massive spin carrier, spin-1/2, we show that its relativistic description supplies a native four-dimensional information carrier through the Dirac equation. The resulting Dirac information carrier possesses an intrinsic positive- and negative-energy decomposition that induces a physics-constrained computational structure comprising sector-preserving and sector-coupling quantum logic. Restricting the relativistic computational structure to the positive-energy sector and taking the nonrelativistic regime recovers the familiar Pauli qubit description. We distinguish mathematical unitary transformations from physically admissible gates and show how charge-conjugation structure, charge superselection, and associated reference-frame resources can constrain quantum logic beyond the sector-preserving structure. Finally, under appropriate physical assumptions, we establish the conditions under which this structure supports full single-carrier controllability. Our work establishes the Dirac information carrier as the massive spin-1/2 instance of a broader programme in which computational structures are derived from the relativistic representation carried by the underlying physical system.
