量子伊辛链中假真空衰变率的可操作性可识别性
Observable dependence and rate identifiability in false-vacuum decay of the quantum Ising chain
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究针对一维量子伊辛链的假真空衰变，开发多级识别框架，通过张量网络模拟揭示双扭结模型的一致性，确定热力学速率解释的有限尺寸验证要求，降低了固定 prefactor 差异。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
从有限时间量子动力学中提取热力学成核速率，需要将可观测的衰变与估计量及有限尺寸有效性分离开。我们为一维量子伊辛链中的假真空衰变开发了一个实时张量网络模拟的多级识别框架。在具有非空分析区间的12个参数点中，相同的相干双扭结振幅半定量地预测了无限链的存活和磁化动力学：存活系数的晶格与理论比率中位数为0.902，而磁化面积斜率比率范围为0.809至0.953。相比之下，微观最近邻键响应由相干性主导：在满足匹配键维度收敛准则的7个参数点内，真空-对相干性贡献了60.0%至81.5%，同时仍存在无法通过标量归一化消除的显著后期窗口斜率差异。该框架确立了可靠的有限时间衰变系数，并确定了体热力学速率解释所需的额外有限尺寸和分支验证要求。在双扭结模型中，晶格分辨的WKB作用将与相干气泡谱计算的固定 prefactor 差异中位数降低至4.13%。因此，定量跨层级一致性、依赖可观测量的简化模型误差以及仍需有限尺寸验证的热力学速率解释可以共存。
英文摘要
Extracting a thermodynamic nucleation rate from finite-time quantum dynamics requires separating observable decay from estimator and finite-size validity. We develop a multilevel identification framework for real-time tensor-network simulations of false-vacuum decay in the one-dimensional quantum Ising chain. Across twelve parameter points, the same coherent two-kink amplitudes semi-quantitatively predict both infinite-chain survival and magnetization dynamics: the survival coefficient has a median lattice-to-theory ratio of 0.896, while the magnetization-area slope ratios span 0.767--0.931. By contrast, the microscopic nearest-neighbour bond response is coherence dominated: vacuum--pair coherence contributes 60.0--81.5% across seven points with matched bond-dimension control, while substantial late-window slope discrepancies remain that cannot be removed by a scalar normalization. The analysis establishes finite-time survival and magnetization benchmarks and identifies the additional finite-size and branch-validation requirements for a bulk thermodynamic rate interpretation. Within the two-kink model and under the adopted common normalization, the lattice-resolved WKB action gives a median fixed-prefactor rate discrepancy of 4.13% from the coherent-bubble spectral calculation. These results distinguish finite-time lattice--theory consistency from the additional observable and finite-size evidence required to identify a thermodynamic nucleation rate.
