TOI-3850周围2:1平均运动共振附近的一对暖土星质量行星
A Pair of Warm Saturn-mass Planets near the 2:1 Mean Motion Resonance around TOI-3850
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究在TOI-3850周围发现2:1平均运动共振外的两颗行星，其中TOI-3850 b为暖木星，TOI-3850 c为土星质量伴星，通过多方法探测并开展N体积分分析。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
暖木星是一类轨道周期为10至200天、半径超过8倍地球半径的系外行星，它们占据了热木星与轨道更宽、温度更低的木星 analog 之间的参数空间，是相对未被充分研究的类别。本研究报告了在TOI-3850（TIC-143008050）周围探测到的多行星暖木星系统，TOI-3850是一颗中等活跃、近太阳金属丰度的G0型矮星，由TESS在第15、21、41、48和75扇区观测。TESS最初发现一颗候选行星，其凌星时间变化（TTVs）振幅约为1小时，超周期为513天。结合凌星测光、MAROON-X径向速度观测和TTV建模，我们确认了两颗行星：凌星的暖木星TOI-3850 b（轨道周期Pb=14.484±0.002天，质量Mb=112±20倍地球质量，偏心率eb=0.018±0.008，半径Rb=12.07±0.09倍地球半径，平衡温度Teq=841±10开尔文），以及非凌星的土星质量伴星TOI-3850 c（轨道周期Pc=29.85±0.01天，质量Mc=90±15倍地球质量，偏心率ec<0.015，平衡温度Teq=661±7开尔文）。两颗行星位于2:1平均运动共振之外（Pc/Pb≈2.06），这与盘驱动迁移的形成历史一致。N体积分显示，TOI-3850 c可能在十年尺度上开始凌星，而TOI-3850 b仍是后续大气表征的有希望目标。
英文摘要
Warm Jupiters, with orbital periods of $10$--$200~\rm{days}$ and radii exceeding $8~R_{\oplus}$, are a relatively understudied class of exoplanets occupying the parameter space between hot Jupiters and more widely separated, colder Jupiter analogs. In this work, we report the detection of a multi-planet warm Jupiter system around TOI-3850 (TIC-143008050), a moderately active, near-solar metallicity G0 dwarf star observed by TESS in Sectors 15, 21, 41, 48 and 75. Initially, a single candidate planet was discovered by TESS, displaying transit timing variations (TTVs) with an amplitude of $\sim 1~\rm hr$ and a super-period of $513~\rm days$. Through a combination of transit photometry, radial velocity observations with MAROON-X, and TTV modeling, we identify two planets: TOI-3850 b $(P_b=14.484\pm0.002~\mathrm{days},~ M_b =112\pm20~M_{\oplus},~e_b = 0.018\pm0.008, R_b = 12.07\pm0.09~R_{\oplus}, ~T_{\rm{eq}}=841\pm10~\rm{K})$, a transiting warm Jupiter, and TOI-3850 c $(P_c=29.85\pm0.01~\mathrm{days},~ M_c =90\pm15~M_{\oplus},~e_c < 0.015, ~T_{\rm{eq}}=661\pm7~\rm{K})$, a non-transiting, Saturn-mass companion. The two planets lie wide of the 2:1 mean motion resonance $(P_c/P_b \approx 2.06)$, consistent with a formation history involving disk-driven migration. $N$-body integrations indicate that TOI-3850 c may begin to transit on decadal timescales, while TOI-3850 b remains a promising target for follow-up atmospheric characterization.
