人造卫星掩星测量恒星角直径
Eclipses by Artificial Satellites to Measure the Angular Sizes of Stars
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究提出利用人造卫星掩星结合高速光子计数探测器与贝叶斯统计方法，可每年高精度测量约10^4颗恒星的角直径，分辨率优于2毫角秒。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
直接测量太阳以外恒星的角直径，本质上受限于望远镜的光学衍射极限。当恒星被前景中运动的天体（如人造卫星或月球，后者称为“月掩星成像”）“掩食”时，可利用时域信息克服空间衍射极限。本文分析了高速光子计数探测器在恒星被低轨或中地球轨道的数千颗卫星之一掩食数微秒时可达到的角分辨率，并构建了用于分析模拟观测的完整贝叶斯统计处理方法。结果表明，月球和卫星掩食每年可为约10^4颗恒星提供小于2毫角秒的分辨率，其中约10^1至10^2颗恒星的直径可被约束至优于0.5毫角秒。使用卫星掩星需要超快速光子分辨探测器，其需具备连续读出能力，帧间延迟控制在不超过1微秒以内；SPINA仪器已实现8纳秒的帧间延迟，可轻松满足该速率，切伦科夫望远镜阵列也可能适用。
英文摘要
Direct measurements of the angular sizes of stars (other than our Sun) are inherently limited by telescopes' optical diffraction limit. The spatial diffraction limit can be overcome by using time-domain information when stars are `eclipsed' by anything moving in the foreground: artificial satellites or the Moon (known as `lunar occultation imaging'). Here we analyse the angular resolution achievable by high-speed photon counting devices, when stars are eclipsed for several microseconds by one of the thousands of satellites now in low or mid-Earth orbit. We also build a full Bayesian statistical treatment for analysing simulated observations. We show that eclipses by the moon and satellites deliver $<2$ milliarcsecond resolution for $\sim$$10^4$ stars every year, with the diameters of $\sim$$10^1 - 10^2$ stars constrained to better than $0.5$ milliarcseconds. The application of satellites requires an ultra-fast, photon-resolving detector, capable of continuous readout with inter-frame delay controlled within $\lesssim 1$ $μ$s. Such a fast rate can easily be handled by the SPINA instrument, which has demonstrated $8$ ns inter-frame delay, and potentially by the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
发表机构
- Durham University（杜伦大学）
- University of Toronto（多伦多大学）
- University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）
- Nazarbayev University（纳扎尔巴耶夫大学）
- Université Paris Diderot（巴黎狄德罗大学）
- Université de Paris（巴黎大学）
- Donostia International Physics Center（多诺斯蒂亚国际物理中心）
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU（巴斯克大学）
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