AI 中文总结
本文研究全同态加密计算中的瞬态错误，聚焦未优化CKKS方案的服务器端同态乘法，发现密文分量\boldsymbol{c}_0和\boldsymbol{c}_1中错误的时机与位置对最终FHE输出正确性有显著影响。
AI 中文摘要
同态加密（HE）是一种隐私保护加密范式，可直接对加密数据进行计算而无需解密。本文研究全同态加密（FHE）计算中的错误，尤其关注未优化的CKKS（Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song）方案中服务器端的同态乘法。研究表明，密文分量\boldsymbol{c}_0和\boldsymbol{c}_1中错误的时机与位置，对最终FHE输出的正确性均有显著影响。
英文摘要
Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a privacy-preserving encryption paradigm that enables computation directly on encrypted data without requiring decryption. In this paper, we study errors in fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) computations, with a particular focus on server-side homomorphic multiplication in the unoptimized CKKS (Cheon--Kim--Kim--Song) scheme. We show that both the timing and the location of errors in the ciphertext components \(c_0\) and \(c_1\) have a significant impact on the correctness of the final FHE output.
Comments3 pages, 2 figures
