用于太阳能奥伯特机动的高温光伏：星际 precursor 任务的吨级有效载荷可行性
High-temperature photovoltaics for solar-electric Oberth maneuvers: ton-class payload feasibility for interstellar-precursor missions
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究评估了基于高强度高温（HIHT）太阳能电池的太阳能奥伯特机动，发现借助木星引力助推时，猎鹰重型火箭可在25年内将吨级有效载荷送至200AU，为深空任务推进提供新路径。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
对巨行星以外的原位探索仍很罕见，因为及时脱离太阳系需要极高的比轨道能量，现有方案通常只能通过小有效载荷、超重型运载火箭或核动力推进来实现。受近400℃工作的高强度高温（HIHT）太阳能电池实验室演示的启发，我们评估了一种在0.3天文单位（AU）近日点附近集中推力的太阳能奥伯特机动。演化制导优化表明，若HIHT电源系统的比功率比当前常规水平高约10%并借助木星引力助推，可在25年内将吨级有效载荷通过一次性猎鹰重型火箭送至200AU；若采用直接轨道，则比功率需达常规水平的约2倍。在相同速度增量（Δv）下，该方案的比轨道能量比1AU螺旋轨道提升3倍。这些结果表明，HIHT光伏可从生存硬件转变为高能深空任务的推进赋能技术。
英文摘要
In-situ exploration beyond the giant planets remains rare because timely Solar System escape demands very high specific orbital energy, which existing concepts typically achieve only with small payloads, super-heavy launchers, or nuclear-powered propulsion. Motivated by laboratory demonstrations of high-intensity, high-temperature (HIHT) solar cells operating near $400\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$, we assess a solar-electric Oberth maneuver that concentrates thrust near a $0.3\,\mathrm{AU}$ perihelion. Evolutionary steering optimisation indicates that an expendable Falcon Heavy could deliver ton-class payloads to $200\,\mathrm{AU}$ within 25 years if HIHT power systems reach specific powers about $10\%$ above present-day conventional levels with a Jupiter gravity assist, or about twice those levels on a direct trajectory, under the stated assumptions. The gain stems from a threefold increase in specific orbital energy for the same $Δv$ compared with a $1\,\mathrm{AU}$ spiral. These results suggest HIHT photovoltaics could shift from survival hardware to propulsion-enabling technology for high-energy deep-space missions.
