静止时空中的导体与超导体：广义的席夫-巴恩希尔效应与迈斯纳效应
Conductors and superconductors in stationary spacetimes: generalized Schiff-Barnhill and Meissner effects
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文突破弱场、低速度极限，在静止时空中研究超导体电动力学，推导含额外项的广义席夫-巴恩希尔效应与迈斯纳效应，还从伦敦方程验证其一致性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
先前关于弯曲时空中导体和超导体及其内部引力感应的电场与磁场的研究，大多局限于弱场和低速度极限，且文献中未讨论这些现象的观察者依赖性。本文遵循伦敦的超导体唯象方法，在不采用任何弱场或低速度极限的情况下，研究静止时空中超导体的电动力学。为此，首先定义引力场和电磁场中带电粒子所受的三维力，并在一般时空分解形式体系中推导其显式形式。随后，为突出观察者的作用，将该力方程应用于静止时空中超导体的自由电荷，采用两种熟知的 threading 和 slicing 分解形式体系。应用超导态的静止条件后，得到广义的席夫-巴恩希尔效应与迈斯纳效应，与低速度和弱场极限相比，其包含源自新近提出的引力感应本构方程的额外项。为证明本文方法的一致性，还从静止时空中的第二个伦敦方程推导出广义迈斯纳效应。
英文摘要
Previous studies on conductors and superconductors in curved spacetimes, and the gravitationally-induced electric and magnetic fields in them, are mostly restricted to the limit of weak fields and low velocities. Also the observer-dependence of these phenomena are not discussed in the literature. In this article, following London's phenomenological approach to superconductivity, we consider the electrodynamics of superconductors in stationary spacetimes without employing any weak field or low velocity limit. To this end, first we define the 3-force acting on charged particles in gravitational and electromagnetic fields, and derive its explicit form in a general spacetime decomposition formalism. Then, to highlight the role of observers, we apply the force equation to the free charges in superconductors in stationary spacetimes in the two well known threading and slicing decomposition formalisms. Applying the stationary condition in the superconducting state, we arrive at the generalized Schiff-Barnhill and Meissner effects, which compared to the low velocity and weak field limit include extra terms originating from the recently introduced gravitationally-induced constitutive equations. To show the consistency of our approach, we also derive the generalized Meissner effect from the second London equation in stationary spacetimes.
