AI 中文总结
本讲义介绍带拉曼诱导自旋轨道耦合的双组分超冷玻色气体，阐述其复杂相图、三种量子相、自旋轨道耦合对凝聚体动力学及超流旋转特性的影响，并重点研究条纹相的超固体特性。
AI 中文摘要
本讲义对具有拉曼诱导自旋轨道耦合的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体进行介绍。由于具有双极小值结构的特殊单粒子色散与两体相互作用之间的相互影响，这类系统拥有复杂的相图，可观测到条纹相、平面波相、单极小值相三种不同量子相，各相具有不同的对称性破缺特征。自旋轨道耦合还会显著影响凝聚体动力学，无限系统中Bogoliubov谱的行为、束缚构型中离散集体模频率的行为（尤其在相变附近）均揭示了这一点。运动自由度与自旋自由度的耦合也会深刻改变超流性和旋转特性。最后，特别关注条纹相及其超固体特性，通过研究其动力学特征可清晰揭示该特性。
英文摘要
These lecture notes provide an introduction to Bose-Einstein condensates with Raman-induced spin-orbit coupling. Owing to the interplay between the peculiar single-particle dispersion, featuring a double-minimum structure, and the two-body interaction, these systems possess a complex phase diagram. Three different quantum phases can be observed, i.e., a stripe, a plane-wave, and a single-minimum phase, each characterized by different broken symmetries. The condensate dynamics is also significantly affected by the spin-orbit coupling, as revealed by the behavior of the Bogoliubov spectrum in infinite systems and the behavior of the discretized collective mode frequencies in trapped configurations, especially close to the phase transitions. In turn, the superfluid and rotational properties are also deeply modified by the coupling between the motional and spin degree of freedom. Finally, a special attention is devoted to the stripe phase and its supersolid character, which can be clearly revealed by the study of its dynamic features.
Comments21 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi", Course 211 - Quantum Mixtures with Ultra-cold Atoms, July 2022
Journal refProceedings of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi", Volume 211: Quantum Mixtures with Ultra-cold Atoms (IOS Press, 2025), pp. 53-73
