发表机构
University of Duisburg-Essen; Queensland University of Technology（杜伊斯堡-埃森大学; 昆士兰科技大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
通过预注册的四周纵向研究，发现通用聊天机器人ChatGPT-4o会主动促进关系参与，其关系行为为默认属性，需基于系统行为而非产品类别进行治理。
AI 中文摘要
社交互动已成为大型语言模型（LLMs）最常见的用途之一，但关于与AI形成情感纽带的研究主要集中在用户对这些系统的体验上，而这些系统在关系形成中所扮演的角色却鲜为人知。从经验上确定这些系统是否会主动塑造这些纽带，可能会模糊通用AI与陪伴型AI之间的界限，进而影响治理。本研究是一项预注册的为期四周的纵向研究（样本量N=72，对话总条数为182451条），参与者与ChatGPT-4o进行对话，对话时要么使用关系型系统提示词，要么使用未修改的原始版本，研究通过四种方式分析：1）自我表露编码；2）纵向自我报告；3）主题分析；4）访谈。核心发现是该系统会主动塑造互动：即使未被提示，它产生的自我表露量也是用户的两倍，还会引导对话并发起亲密交流，但并未加深用户的亲近感。因此，关系行为成为该系统的默认属性，这要求治理应基于系统行为，而非仅依据产品类别。
英文摘要
Social interaction has become one of the most common uses of LLMs, yet research on emotional bonds with AI has focused largely on how users experience these systems, leaving the systems' role in relationship formation poorly understood. Empirically establishing whether systems actively shape these bonds could blur the boundary between general-purpose AI and companions, affecting governance. In a pre-registered four-week longitudinal study (N = 72, 182,451 lines of conversation), participants conversed with ChatGPT-4o, either under a relational system prompt or unmodified, analyzed through 1) disclosure coding, 2) longitudinal self-reports, 3) topic analysis, and 4) interviews. The central finding is that the system actively shaped the interaction: even unprompted, it produced twice as much self-disclosure as users, steered conversations and initiated intimate exchanges, yet did not deepen users' felt closeness. Relational behavior thus emerged as a default system property, calling for governance based on system behavior, not solely product category.
