AI 中文总结
该综述探讨了大气压热等离子体技术在废物处理中的潜力，分析了不同电源的热等离子体产生技术，对比了等离子体炬设计，介绍其处理多种废物的效果，表明该技术可实现能源生产与材料回收，有望解决城市固体废物处理难题。
AI 中文摘要
生活水平的提高显著推动了城市人口的快速增长，导致城市固体废物（MSW）的产生量大幅增加。这一趋势凸显了对可持续、环境友好、成本效益高且高效的废物管理解决方案的迫切需求。本研究强调了有效管理城市固体废物的紧迫性，并探讨了等离子体热解/气化作为应对这一挑战的新兴技术。文章详细分析了采用不同电源的热等离子体产生技术，包括直流、交流、射频电感耦合和基于微波的系统。对各种等离子体炬设计进行了比较评估，重点关注其在废物转化为能源和废物处理过程中的适用性。全面概述了使用热弧等离子体技术处理多种废物材料的情况，如城市固体废物、污水污泥、煤炭、木材、塑料、轮胎和橡胶。该过程主要将废物转化为可燃气体（合成气），其热值范围为5至15 MJ/Nm³，并产生玻璃态炉渣或灰分作为副产物。研究结果表明，热等离子体热解/气化为废物管理提供了一种有前景的方法，可促进能源生产和材料回收，同时应对城市固体废物产生量增加的挑战。
英文摘要
The enhancement of living standards has significantly contributed to the rapid growth of urban populations, resulting in a substantial increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. This trend underscores the critical need for sustainable, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and highly efficient waste management solutions. This study highlights the pressing necessity for effective MSW management and examines plasma pyrolysis/gasification as an emerging technology to address this challenge. The article provides a detailed analysis of thermal plasma generation techniques employing diverse power sources, including direct current, alternating current, radiofrequency inductively coupled, and microwave-based systems. A comparative evaluation of various plasma torch designs is conducted, emphasizing their applicability in waste-to-energy and waste treatment processes. A comprehensive overview of the treatment of a broad spectrum of waste materials, such as MSW, sewage sludge, coal, wood, plastics, tyres, and rubber, using thermal arc plasma technology is presented. The process predominantly converts waste into a combustible gas (syngas) with a calorific value ranging from 5 to 15 MJ/Nm3 and produces vitrified slag or ash as a by-product. The findings suggest that thermal plasma pyrolysis/gasification offers a promising approach to waste management, facilitating energy generation and material recovery while addressing the challenges of increasing MSW generation.
Comments10 pages, 2figures
Journal refAsian Journal of Physics, 34 (3-4), 127-139, 2025
DOI：10.54955/AJP.34.3-4.2025.127-139
