AI 中文总结
本研究在MagAO-X上比较三种光学增益测量技术，评估其保真度，以解决金字塔波前传感器的光学增益未知问题，为自适应光学校正提供支撑。
AI 中文摘要
金字塔波前传感器（PyWFS）长期面临的技术挑战是其在定标与校正残差之间的响应变化，该量称为光学增益（OG）。鉴于PyWFS在当前及规划中的高对比度自适应光学（AO）系统中普遍应用，理解并可靠测量用于实时控制的OG可解锁高级校正与后处理技术。未知的OG会抑制系统稳定校正非共光路误差、重建波前及点扩散函数（PSF）的能力。本研究在6.5米麦哲伦克莱望远镜的可见光极端AO设备MagAO-X上，比较多种光学增益测量技术。我们展示了三种技术的一系列在轨OG测量结果：1）获取每个空间模式OG的在轨定标；2）金字塔尖端上瞬时斯特列尔比（SR）的实时测量；3）波前传感器（WFS）本身已知高频探测信号的实时测量。我们将这些在轨结果与性能诊断进行比较，评估OG返回的保真度。最后总结了MagAO-X上OG主动控制的未来步骤。
英文摘要
A lingering technical challenge for pyramid wavefront sensors (PyWFS) is their change in response between calibration and correction residuals, a quantity known as optical gain (OG). Given the prevalent use of PyWFSs in current and planned high contrast adaptive optics (AO), understanding and reliably measuring OG for realtime control unlocks advanced correction and post processing techniques. The OG quantity as an unknown inhibits a system's ability to stably correct non common path errors, reconstructing wavefronts, and PSF reconstruction. This work compares kinds of optical gain measurement techniques on MagAO-X, a visible light extreme AO instrument on the 6.5m Magellan Clay telescope. We present a set of on-sky measurements of OG across three techniques: 1) An on-sky calibration that acquires OG per spatial mode, 2) realtime measurements of the instantaneous Strehl Ratio (SR) on the pyramid tip, and 3) realtime measurement of known, high-frequency probe signal on the WFS itself. We compare these on-sky results with performance diagnostics to asses how faithfully OG is returned. We conclude with future steps for active control of OG on MagAO-X.
