跨生物界发现的水通道蛋白离子通道中与通透、门控和选择性相关的结构域
Structural domains associated with permeation, gating and selectivity of Aquaporin ion channels found across phyla
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究探讨跨生物界的水通道蛋白离子通道，发现其离子通道功能结构域来自保守区域，双功能类群可调控多种生理过程，待发现更多类群。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
水通道蛋白（AQPs）是一类古老的通道，在系统发育早期出现并辐射至整个生物界，属于广泛的膜内在蛋白家族。最初人们认为AQPs是严格组成型开放的水孔，而国际研究兴趣正推动新观点的形成，即AQPs是具有复杂调控机制的多功能通道，可对生理挑战产生适应性反应。目前越来越多的AQP类群被发现除了经典底物水之外，还能通透多种溶质，且通道活性受胞内和胞外信号的亚型特异性调控。迄今为止，已提出至少15种来自哺乳动物、植物、昆虫和藻类的AQP类群可转运离子，氨基酸序列比对表明，离子通道功能结构域源自四聚体AQP蛋白的保守跨膜区、环区和末端区，分别充当选择性过滤器、门控和调控位点。待发现相关激活剂后，可能还有更多AQP离子通道类群有待鉴定。双功能水-离子AQP类群的亚型特异性调控，使其在生物界各域中发挥多样作用，促进细胞与组织的稳态维持、细胞运动、营养获取、氧化还原保护、感官检测及细胞间信号传导。
英文摘要
Aquaporins (AQPs) are an ancient group of channels that arose early in phylogeny and radiated throughout the kingdoms of life. Classified as members of the broad Membrane Intrinsic Protein family, AQPs originally were envisioned as strictly water pores that were constitutively open. International research interest is driving new views of AQPs as multi-functional channels with complex control mechanisms that enable adaptive responses to physiological challenges. Expanding numbers of AQP classes are being discovered to allow permeation of diverse solutes in parallel to the archetypal substrate water, with channel activities that show subtype-specific regulation by intracellular and extracellular signals. To date, at least fifteen classes of AQPs from mammals, plants, insects and algae have been proposed to carry ions, enabling amino acid sequence comparisons that suggest ion channel functional domains arise from conserved transmembrane, loop and teminal regions of the tetrameric AQP protein, serving as selectivity filters, gates, and sites for modulation. More AQP ion channel classes likely await discovery, pending identification of relevant activators. Subtype-specific control of dual water-and-ion AQP classes orchestrate diverse roles for AQPs across the domains of life, promoting homeostasis, cell motility, nutrient acquisition, redox protection, sensory detection, and intercellular signaling in cells and tissues.
