我们对行业中负责任的人工智能实践了解多少：五年的实证研究

中文摘要 AI 辅助

负责任的人工智能（RAI）已成为科技公司、监管机构和公众的核心关切。行业从业者对RAI工作的解读、实施及持续推进方式，直接影响着AI系统的设计与部署。随着考察行业RAI实践的实证研究迅速增多，相关发现分散在聚焦不同角色、组织情境和干预措施的各类研究中。本研究通过对历时六年的161项实证研究进行文献综述，整合当前知识，每项研究均采用访谈、调查、研讨会、民族志等方法与行业从业者互动。我们的整合结果显示，行业RAI实践既有显著进展，也存在持续挑战：从业者的认知有所提升，RAI活动愈发专业化，工具包、指南等干预措施的应用也更为广泛；与此同时，从业者仍面临诸多实质性障碍，包括培训不足、组织支持不均，以及缺乏适配日常工作实践的干预措施。通过整合与梳理这些发现，我们提供了迄今单项研究无法实现的更完整的行业RAI图景。最后，我们探讨了本研究对RAI研究者、寻求采用有效实践的从业者，以及旨在基于行业实际情境制定治理措施的政策制定者的启示。

英文摘要

Responsible AI (RAI) has become a central concern for technology companies, regulators, and the public. How industry practitioners interpret, implement, and sustain RAI work directly shapes the design and deployment of AI systems. As empirical scholarship examining RAI practices in industry has rapidly expanded, findings are dispersed across studies that focus on different roles, organizational contexts, and interventions. This work synthesizes current knowledge through a literature review of 161 empirical studies spanning six years, each engaging industry practitioners via interviews, surveys, workshops, ethnographies, and other methods. Our synthesis reveals both meaningful progress and persistent challenges in industry RAI practice. Practitioner awareness has increased, RAI activities have become more professionalized, and interventions such as toolkits and guidelines are more widely adopted. At the same time, practitioners continue to face substantial barriers, including limited training, uneven organizational support, and a lack of interventions tailored to day-to-day work practices. By consolidating and organizing these findings, we provide a more complete account of industry RAI than any single study to date. We conclude by discussing implications for RAI researchers, practitioners seeking to adopt effective practices, and policymakers aiming to ground governance efforts in the realities of industry contexts.

发表机构

• Microsoft Research（微软研究院）
• University of California, Los Angeles（加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校）
• Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。