含能源切换与负荷跟踪核电站的最优能源生产问题
An Optimal Energy Production Problem with Energy Source Switching and Load Following Nuclear Power Plants
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文针对含能源切换与负荷跟踪的核电站最优生产问题，通过分析封闭与开放经济场景，计算最优策略，明确了相关因素对核电负荷跟踪的影响及可控低碳容量的价值。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
依赖天气的可再生能源并网增加了剩余需求的波动性，提升了可调度低碳灵活性的价值。本文研究生产者拥有的负荷跟踪核电站的最优运行问题，该核电站需平衡随机剩余需求，同时考虑爬坡限制和运行状态切换的高昂成本。核电出力可增加、减少或保持恒定，生产决策被建模为有限时间域的最优切换问题。我们分析两种场景：封闭经济基准场景（过剩电力无法出售，缺电需采用成本高昂的备用发电）和开放经济场景（生产者可按总市场剩余需求驱动的价格交易电力）。值函数被表征为一组哈密尔顿-雅可比-贝尔曼拟变分不等式的粘性解，最优策略采用单调半拉格朗日格式计算。数值结果显示了缺电成本、切换成本、爬坡能力和市场准入如何影响最优核电负荷跟踪，分析强调了可再生能源密集型系统中可控低碳容量的经济价值，并为灵活性报酬、平衡市场设计和互联政策提供启示。
英文摘要
The integration of weather-dependent renewable generation increases the volatility of residual demand and raises the value of dispatchable low-carbon flexibility. This paper studies the optimal operation of a load-following nuclear power plant owned by a producer that must balance stochastic residual demand while accounting for ramping limits and costly changes in operating regimes. Nuclear output can be increased, decreased, or kept constant, and the production decision is formulated as a finite-horizon optimal switching problem. We analyze both a closed-economy benchmark, where excess production cannot be sold and shortages require costly back-up generation, and an open-economy setting, where the producer can trade electricity at prices driven by aggregate market residual demand. The value functions are characterized as viscosity solutions of a system of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman quasi-variational inequalities, and optimal policies are computed using a monotone semi-Lagrangian scheme. The numerical results show how shortage costs, switching costs, ramping capability, and market access shape optimal nuclear load following. The analysis highlights the economic value of controllable low-carbon capacity in renewable-intensive systems and provides implications for flexibility remuneration, balancing-market design, and interconnection policy.
