AI 中文总结
本文介绍专为MagAO-X ExAO仪器开发的XWCTk软件，基于低延迟工具链，可实现仪器控制、数据保存与压缩，适配地基及未来空间高对比度成像仪器，支持远程操作与自动化开发。
AI 中文摘要
我们推出专为MagAO-X极端自适应光学（ExAO）仪器开发的极端波前控制工具包（eXtreme Wavefront Control Toolkit，XWCTk）仪器控制软件系统。XWCTk构建于ImageStreamIO（ISIO）/MILK/CACAO低延迟图像处理与高维控制工具链基础之上，采用仪器中立分布式接口（Instrument Neutral Distributed Interface，INDI）管理仪器控制。该应用框架提供配置、日志记录功能，以及与INDI的分布式进程间通信（IPC）、与ISIO的低延迟IPC。在MagAO-X系统中，每个探测器均为潜在的波前传感器，可向三个独立的 deformable mirror（DM，可变形镜）发送指令；MagAO-X采用分布式控制系统，多台计算机各自管理低延迟波前控制任务，同时具备协同控制能力。已实现的算法包括用于非线性重建的神经网络，运行频率超3 kHz。我们集成了分布式树莓派，用于加速度计数据采集，并将低延迟数据流传输至实时计算机，以实现传感器融合控制。XWCTk的核心设计原则是所有数据可随时保存，包括全帧率波前传感器（WFS）图像、DM指令及科学数据；为实现此目标，我们开发了定制的无损压缩系统，可维持向磁盘写入的高数据速率。系统提供用于脚本编写与实验的Python接口及Python应用框架，可用于非实时任务；远程操作（例如仪器位于智利拉斯坎帕纳斯天文台（LCO）时从亚利桑那州图森市进行操作）已成为常规操作。XWCTk目前正针对MagAO-X仪器持续开发，后续将适配Giant Magellan Telescope（巨型麦哲伦望远镜）计划首光的ExAO日冕仪GMagAO-X；XWCTk亦是空间高对比度成像仪器的基线系统，当前开发重点为面向飞行任务的稳健运行自动化。
英文摘要
We present the eXtreme Wavefront Control Toolkit (XWCTk) instrument control software system developed for the MagAO-X extreme adaptive optics (ExAO) instrument. The XWCTk is built on a foundation of the ImageStreamIO (ISIO) / MILK / CACAO low-latency image processing and high dimensional control tool chain. Instrument control is managed with the Instrument Neutral Distributed Interface (INDI). The application framework provides configuration, logging, and distributed IPC with INDI and low-latency IPC with ISIO. On MagAO-X, every detector is a potential wavefront sensor capable of sending commands to three separate DMs. MagAO-X utilizes a distributed control system, where multiple computers each manage low-latency wavefront control tasks but are capable of coordinated control. Implemented algorithms include neural networks for nonlinear reconstruction at over 3 kHz. We have incorporated distributed raspberry pis for accelerometer data acquisition with low-latency streaming to the real-time computers for sensor fusion control. A core design principle of the XWCTk is that all data can be saved all the time. This includes full-rate WFS images, DM commands, as well as science data. To facilitate this we have implemented a custom lossless compression system capable of sustaining high data rates to disk. A python interface for scripting and experimentation, as well as a python application framework is provided which can be used for non-real-time tasks. Remote operations (e.g. from Tucson Arizona when the instrument is at LCO in Chile) are routine. The XWCTk is under continuous development for the MagAO-X instrument, and will be adapted for GMagAO-X, the planned first-light ExAO coronagraph for the Giant Magellan Telescope. XWCTk is the baseline for a space high contrast imaging instrument, and as such ongoing development is focused on automation for robust operation in flight.
CommentsPresented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2026
