捏合天线系统：从天线部署到天线漫游
Pinching-Antenna Systems: From Antenna Placement to Antenna Roaming
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文针对有限移动速度的捏合天线系统，提出天线漫游模式，建立统一周期框架，推导和速率差异，构建和速率最大化问题并通过DP算法求解，仿真验证其性能优于传统天线部署。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本文研究了具有有限天线移动速度的捏合天线系统，在该系统下，传统天线部署存在不可忽略的重定位延迟，导致信道质量与有效传输时间之间存在基本权衡。在此背景下，提出了天线漫游作为一种新型操作模式，其中天线沿波导连续移动，同时为用户提供服务。通过将通信与天线移动纳入同一传输周期，建立了统一的周期时长框架，以便在天线部署与天线漫游之间进行公平比较。随后解析推导了和速率差异，表明天线漫游可避免专用定位开销，但会因空间平均导致信道质量下降。针对两种操作模式，分别构建了对应的和速率最大化问题。将连续优化问题转化为有限状态序贯决策问题，并通过基于动态规划（DP）的算法求解。对于天线漫游，解析表征了最优无约束服务区间划分，每个天线位置分配给实现最高瞬时速率的用户。仿真结果验证了理论分析，证明天线漫游相较于天线部署的性能优势，尤其在定位开销显著时，还确认了基于DP的解决方案在提升可达和速率方面的有效性。
英文摘要
This paper investigates pinching-antenna systems with finite antenna movement speed, under which conventional antenna placement is subject to non-negligible repositioning delay, resulting in a fundamental tradeoff between channel quality and effective transmission time. In this context, antenna roaming is proposed as a novel operation mode, in which the antenna moves continuously along the waveguide while simultaneously serving users. By incorporating communication and antenna movement into the same transmission cycle, a unified cycle-duration framework is established to facilitate a fair comparison between antenna placement and antenna roaming. The sum-rate difference is then analytically derived, indicating that antenna roaming avoids dedicated positioning overhead with a loss in channel quality due to spatial averaging. The corresponding sum rate maximization problems are formulated for the two operation modes. The continuous optimization problems are transformed into finite-state sequential decision problems and solved via dynamic programming (DP) based algorithms. For antenna roaming, the optimal unconstrained service-interval partition is analytically characterized, with each antenna position assigned to the user achieving the highest instantaneous rate. Simulation results validate the theoretical analysis, demonstrate the performance advantage of antenna roaming over antenna placement, especially when positioning overhead is significant, and confirm the effectiveness of the DP based solutions in improving the achievable sum rate.
