利用古探测器重建暗物质质量并区分标准与非标准弱相互作用大质量粒子-原子核相互作用
Reconstructing Dark Matter Mass and Discriminating Standard and Non-Standard WIMP-Nucleus Interactions with Paleo-Detectors
AI总结：
本文研究古探测器可重建WIMP质量（覆盖传统实验难及的低质量区）、区分标准与非标准WIMP-核相互作用，无需传统实验必需的核反冲方向测量。
AI中文摘要：
古探测器记录并保留了地质时期暗物质散射引发的核反冲在古老矿物中产生的晶体损伤。此前研究表明，古探测器可对多种暗物质（DM）场景提供灵敏度，这与传统直接探测实验形成互补。本文针对存在暗物质信号时，古探测器重建暗物质参数或区分不同类型暗物质与原子核相互作用的能力开展了首个详细研究，考虑了弹性与非弹性暗物质-原子核散射两种情况。针对典型的核反冲径迹读出场景，我们证明，对于弱相互作用大质量粒子（WIMP）与原子核之间的各种非相对论有效场论（NREFT）相互作用，均可重建WIMP质量。特别地，古探测器有望重建质量≲10 GeV的WIMP，而该质量区对传统直接探测实验颇具挑战性；此外，我们发现古探测器对其可及参数空间内的假设信号，可重建WIMP质量至1 TeV，与传统直接探测实验的同类研究相比，将可重建的质量范围扩展了约2倍。另外，我们证明古探测器可区分标准的自旋无关或自旋相关NREFT相互作用，以及可依赖WIMP与原子核间相对速度或转移动量的非标准相互作用。具体而言，在WIMP质量≳10 GeV时，我们预计古探测器无需测量核反冲方向即可排除几乎所有非标准相互作用下的标准NREFT相互作用，而传统实验通常需要测量核反冲方向才能实现这一点。
英文摘要：
Paleo-detectors record and retain crystal damage in ancient minerals from nuclear recoils induced by dark matter scattering over geological timescales. Previous studies have shown that paleo-detectors can provide sensitivity to a variety of dark matter (DM) scenarios which is complementary to conventional direct-detection experiments. In this paper, we complete the first detailed study of how well paleo-detectors can reconstruct DM parameters or distinguish between different types of DM interactions with nuclei in the presence of a DM signal, considering both elastic and inelastic DM-nucleus scattering. For representative nuclear recoil track read-out scenarios, we demonstrate that weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) DM masses can be reconstructed for a variety of Non-Relativistic Effective Field Theory (NREFT) interactions between WIMPs and nuclei. In particular, paleo-detectors are projected to be capable of reconstructing WIMP masses $\lesssim$ 10 GeV, a regime that is challenging for conventional direct-detection experiments; further, we find that paleo-detectors could reconstruct WIMP masses up to 1 TeV for hypothetical signals within their accessible parameter space, extending the mass range over which reconstruction is possible by up to a factor of $\sim 2$ compared with analogous studies of conventional direct-detection experiments. In addition, we demonstrate that paleo-detectors could discriminate between canonical spin-independent or spin-dependent NREFT interactions and non-canonical interactions which can depend on the relative velocity or momentum transferred between the WIMP and nucleus. Specifically, at WIMP masses $\gtrsim$ 10 GeV, we project that canonical NREFT interactions can be excluded by paleo-detectors in the cases of nearly all non-canonical interactions without measurement of nuclear recoil direction, which conventional experiments typically require.
