AI 中文总结
该研究以帕洛玛巡天的神秘暂现源为对象，提出轴子夸克 nugget 暗物质模型可解释其及球状闪电等现象，并给出检验方法与仪器建议。
AI 中文摘要
在“一个世纪观测中的消失与出现源（VASCO）”项目框架下，研究人员已在帕洛玛天文台首次巡天（POSS-1）中识别出一批起源未知的类星暂现天体。POSS-1记录的这类暂现源的起源至今不明，这一观测现象因此被命名为“神秘暂现源（Mysterious Transients, MT）”。本文提出一个观点：由标准模型夸克（或反夸克）与胶子构成的轴子夸克 nugget（axion quark nuggets, AQN）形式的暗物质（dark matter, DM），其概念类似于威滕（Witten）的奇异滴旧构想，能够同时解释多年来收集或记录的所有观测到的MT信号，包括闪光本身的极短时间尺度、与核试验时间的关联、多个MT事件的观测排列、与不明空中现象（unidentified aerial phenomena, UAP）报告的相关性等。本质上，我们认为MT是同样被观测了数个世纪但缺乏公认物理解释的球状闪电（Ball Lightning, BL）事件的同类现象。该模型的基本参数（如 nugget 的典型重子数）早已通过解释从星系尺度到太阳尺度再到地球局域环境的多尺度观测辐射过剩而确定。本研究采用相同框架与参数组来研究观测到的MT现象，还提出了若干可证实或证伪该构想的检验方法，以及关于研究AQN框架中这类作为BL和MT同类的特定（且定义明确）的UAP事件所需仪器类型的建议。
英文摘要
Transient star-like objects of unknown origin have been identified in the first Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS-1) as part of the Vanishing and Appearing Sources during a Century of Observations (VASCO) project. The source of the transients recorded by POSS-1 remains unknown, which is the warrant to coin the observed phenomena as Mysterious Transients (MT). We advocate an idea that the dark matter (DM) in form of the axion quark nuggets (AQN) made of standard model quarks (or antiquarks) and gluons, similar to the old idea of the Witten's strangelets, could {\it simultaneously} explain {\it all } the observed MT signals (including very short time scale for flash itself, association with nuclear test timing, observed alignments of several MT events, correlation with UAP reports, etc) collected or recorded for many years. Essentially we argue that the MT is a cousin of Ball Lightning (BL) events, also observed for centuries, without commonly accepted physics explanation. The basic parameters of this model (such as the typical baryon charge of the nuggets) had been fixed long ago by explaining the observed excess of radiation at variety of scales: from galactic to the solar, to local Earth's environments. In this work we use the same framework with the same set of parameters to study the observed MT phenomena. We also suggest several tests which substantiate or refute our proposal. We also present some suggestions on type of instruments required to study this specific (and well defined) type of the UAP events representing the cousins of BL and MT events in the AQN framework.
Comments17 pages, no figures
