论量子力学的自洽性：EPR的不完备性主张无需超出该理论纯粹形式主义的外在概念即可驳斥
On quantum mechanics self-consistency: EPR incompleteness claims require no extraneous concepts beyond the theory's plain formalism for refutation
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究在严格遵循量子力学核心规则的前提下，仅通过分析EPR态的量子关联特性，无需引入外在概念即可驳斥EPR关于量子力学不完备性的主张，证实了量子力学的自洽性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
从现象学和实验的视角来看，量子力学在解释微观世界的效应与过程方面取得了显著成功。然而，近年来越来越多的文献重新审视该理论自身的形式基础，尤其聚焦于自洽性与完备性问题。作为这些基础挑战的一个重要历史范例，爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森（EPR）论证著名地宣称该理论是不完备的。尽管存在许多对EPR逻辑的有效批评与驳斥，但它们通常依赖于技术结果与对EPR诠释假设的概念反对的结合，因此超越了纯粹的量子框架本身。受检验该理论结构极限这一趋势的推动，我们在此重新审视EPR论证。聚焦于EPR推理的关键要素，我们首先分析EPR态的一般量子关联：（i）其可观测量始终与非对易算符相关联，（ii）通过测量获得的关联信息的性质。仅从这两点出发，并严格依赖量子力学的核心规则，我们展示了如何推翻所谓的EPR不完备性，而无需援引任何外在命题。因此，我们表明仅标准形式主义就足以解决这类关于该理论物理适用范围的怀疑论。这至少在一个范式实例中，为结构上具有良好基础、自洽的量子理论提供了有力的佐证。
英文摘要
From a phenomenological and experimental viewpoint, quantum mechanics is remarkably successful in explaining effects and processes in the microscopic world. Recently, however, a growing body of literature has revisited the theory's own formal foundations, specifically addressing issues of self-consistency and completeness. As a major historical example of these foundational challenges, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) argument famously claimed that the theory is incomplete. While many valid criticisms and refutations of the EPR logic exist, they generally rely on a combination of technical results and conceptual objections to EPR's interpretive assumptions, thus transcending the plain quantum framework itself. Motivated by these trends of examining the theory's structural limits, here we revisit the EPR argument. Focusing on elements essential to the EPR reasoning, we first analyze general quantum correlations for EPR states: (i) the fact that their observables are always associated with non-commuting operators, and (ii) the nature of the correlated information obtained through measurement. From these two points alone, and relying strictly on the core rules of quantum mechanics, we demonstrate how to overturn the alleged EPR incompleteness without invoking any extraneous propositions. Consequently, we show that the standard formalism alone suffices to resolve such type of skepticism regarding the theory's physical reach. This offers, at least in a paradigmatic instance, a powerful indication of a structurally well-founded, self-consistent quantum theory.
