AI 中文总结
本研究将博弈论摩擦项整合入宏观运动波框架，建模切入为斯塔克尔伯格博弈，发现中等CAV渗透率（约45%）时交通流稳定性最差，早期防御性CAV会降低混合交通流稳定性。
AI 中文摘要
向自动化交通的过渡催生了混合自动驾驶交通，其中人类驾驶员可能会战略性地利用网联自动驾驶车辆（CAVs）的风险规避行为。微观模型虽能捕捉这些二元交互，但由于基于智能体的模型与连续介质模型之间存在尺度差距，其对网络层面稳定性的总体影响尚未量化。本研究通过将博弈论摩擦项直接整合到宏观运动波框架中，弥合了这一分析鸿沟。我们将切入操作建模为斯塔克尔伯格博弈，识别出一个独特的“利用窗口”，人类驾驶员可借此利用CAV的防御性来执行激进的并道操作。通过推导闭式的微观-宏观桥梁，我们将这些离散的策略性结果转化为连续的摩擦参数，该参数会内生地修正交通守恒定律。理论分析与数值模拟证实，这种行为不对称性会作为确定性的去稳定因素，产生扰动源项，触发幻影拥堵并严格降低道路通行能力。关键在于，我们揭示了CAV渗透率与系统效率之间的凸关系，确定了中等渗透率（约45%）下的临界不稳定状态，此时可被利用的交互频率达到最高。这些发现表明，若没有具有社会意识的控制策略，早期部署的CAV的防御性本质可能会适得其反地降低交通流稳定性。
英文摘要
The transition to automated transportation introduces mixed-autonomy traffic where human drivers may strategically exploit the risk-averse behavior of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs). While microscopic models capture these dyadic interactions, their aggregate impact on network-level stability remains unquantified due to the scale gap between agent-based and continuum models. This study bridges this analytical divide by integrating a game-theoretic friction term directly into the macroscopic kinematic wave framework. We model the cut-in maneuver as a Stackelberg game, identifying a distinct "exploitation window" where human drivers leverage CAV defensiveness to execute aggressive merges. By deriving a closed-form micro-macro bridge, we translate these discrete strategic outcomes into a continuous friction parameter that endogenously modifies the traffic conservation law. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations confirm that this behavioral asymmetry functions as a deterministic destabilizer, generating perturbation source terms that trigger phantom jams and strictly reduce road capacity. Crucially, we reveal a convex relationship between CAV penetration and system efficiency, identifying a critical instability regime at intermediate penetration rates (approximately 45 percent) where the frequency of exploitable interactions is maximized. These findings demonstrate that without socially aware control policies, the defensive nature of early-deployment CAVs may paradoxically degrade traffic flow stability.
