嵌入暗物质中的静态与旋转虫洞的观测特征
Observational Signatures of Static and Rotating Wormholes Embedded in Dark Matter
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究以NGC 2366的旋转曲线为观测参数，分析嵌入NFW晕和ψDM分布的静态与慢旋转虫洞的光子动力学，发现二者光子球结构差异显著，孤子阴影尺寸可追踪超轻玻色子质量，为探测暗物质本质提供观测途径。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们以矮星系NGC 2366的旋转曲线设定观测参数，研究嵌入两种截然不同暗物质环境（尖峰状的Navarro-Frenk-White（NFW）晕和核心状的孤子波暗物质（ψDM）分布）中的静态与慢旋转可穿越虫洞。针对每种分布，我们在Morris-Thorne框架下求解爱因斯坦场方程以获得形状函数与红移函数，随后通过带有Lense-Thirring帧拖曳项的Teo度量扩展至慢旋转情形。针对四个所得时空和六个喉半径，我们追踪零测地线、计算比强度分布与极向阴影图，并构建包含完整相对论多普勒效应的吸积盘图像。我们发现这两种分布在光子动力学上存在显著差异：NFW势过浅，无法支撑分离的光子球，因此其临界 impact 参数（ impact parameter 保留原文术语）接近喉半径；相比之下，孤子核心的聚焦效应足够强，可形成真正的不稳定光子轨道，使临界 impact 参数提升至约喉半径的1.18至1.26倍。光子球结构的这一差异传递到几乎所有可观测物理量，包括光子环锐度、阴影尺寸、吸积盘外观，以及旋转情形下由帧拖曳导致的阴影不对称程度。孤子阴影尺寸还通过ρ_c∝m_b⁻²追踪 underlying（保留原文）超轻玻色子的质量，在m_b≈10⁻¹⁸ eV附近存在从完全捕获到主要偏转透镜的转变，这一特征在NFW分布中不存在，为探测暗物质微物理提供了直接途径。这些结果表明，虫洞的光子动力学由暗物质分布塑造，为探测暗物质本质指明了一条可能的观测途径。
英文摘要
We study static and slowly rotating traversable wormholes embedded in two contrasting dark matter environments, the cuspy Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) halo and the cored solitonic wave dark matter ($ψ$DM) profile, using observational parameters set by the rotation curve of the dwarf galaxy NGC\,2366. For each profile, we solve the Einstein field equations in the Morris-Thorne framework to obtain the shape and redshift functions, then extend to slow rotation via the Teo metric with a Lense--Thirring frame-dragging term. Across the four resulting spacetimes and six throat radii, we trace null geodesics, compute specific intensity profiles and polar shadow maps, and construct accretion disk images including the full relativistic Doppler effect. We noticed these two profiles differ sharply in photon dynamics. The NFW potential is too shallow to support a detached photon sphere, so its critical impact parameter stays close to the throat radius. The soliton core, by contrast, is focused enough to host a genuine unstable photon orbit that raises the critical impact parameter to about $1.18$--$1.26$ times the throat radius. This difference in photon-sphere structure propagates through nearly every observable, including photon-ring sharpness, shadow size, accretion-disk appearance, and, in the rotating case, the degree of shadow asymmetry from frame dragging. The soliton shadow size also tracks the mass of the underlying ultralight boson through $ρ_c\propto m_b^{-2}$, with a transition from total capture to mainly deflecting lensing near $m_b\sim10^{-18}$\,eV, a feature absent for NFW that offers a direct probe of dark matter microphysics. These results show that wormhole photon dynamics are shaped by the dark matter profile, pointing to a possible observational route to probe the nature of dark matter.
