阿拉加茨的大气条件、电场与雷暴地面增强效应
Atmospheric Conditions, Electric Fields, and Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements at Aragats
AI总结：
本研究基于阿拉加茨高海拔站的观测，明确雷暴地面增强效应由雷暴云起电与云-探测器距离共同控制，且当地变暖无法仅用太阳辐射变化解释。
AI中文摘要：
阿拉加茨高海拔研究站（海拔3200米）整合了气象、大气电场与粒子通量测量，为研究雷暴地面增强效应（TGEs）及近期环境变异性提供了独特平台。我们分析了2012年至2025年的一分钟观测数据，首先聚焦于控制TGEs的气象与电场条件，随后研究气温与白天太阳辐射的趋势。从610个TGEs的档案中，筛选出284个粒子通量增强超过10%的质量控制子集。对5月、8月和10月的比较显示，仅强近地面电场不足以引发频繁的TGEs；5月兼具强电场条件与低云底高度，且TGE发生与云底距离呈明显负相关。因此，TGE的发生由雷暴云起电及云与探测器的距离共同控制，而近期的变暖趋势不能归因于测量到的短波辐射增加。年平均气温呈现统计上显著的正趋势，而白天太阳辐射则呈显著负趋势，故阿拉加茨的变暖无法仅用太阳辐射的变化来解释。
英文摘要：
The Aragats High-Altitude Research Station (3200 m a.s.l.) combines meteorological, atmospheric electric, and particle flux measurements, providing a unique setting for investigating thunderstorm ground enhancements (TGEs) and recent environmental variability. We analyze one-minute observations from 2012 to 2025, first focusing on the meteorological and electric-field conditions controlling TGEs and then on trends in air temperature and daytime solar radiation. From an archive of 610 TGEs, a quality-controlled subset of 284 events with particle flux enhancements larger than 10 percent was selected. Comparisons of May, August, and October show that strong near surface electric fields alone are insufficient for frequent TGEs. May combines strong-field conditions with low cloud bases and shows a pronounced inverse relation between TGE occurrence and cloud-base distance. Thus, TGE occurrence is jointly controlled by thundercloud electrification and cloud-to-detector distance, while the recent warming tendency cannot be attributed to increased measured short-wave radiation. The annual mean air temperature shows a statistically significant positive trend, whereas daytime solar radiation shows a significant negative trend. Thus, warming at Aragats cannot be explained solely by variations in solar radiation.
