AI 中文总结
本文构建相对动量局域（RML）理论，统一描述铜基超导体的超导、赝能隙与奇异金属态，提出可精确求解的赝能隙哈密顿量，预言库珀表面Lifshitz转变等特征，为相关实验提供理论指导。
AI 中文摘要
铜基超导体具有d波超导性（SC）、带有费米弧的赝能隙（PG）以及具有非相干激发和温度线性电阻率的奇异金属（SM），这些物态源自同一掺杂莫特系统，但通常被分别描述。本文构建了相对动量局域（RML）理论，以t-J模型中反铁磁超交换的精确自旋单态库珀表示作为共同线索。对关联将该库珀通道的低能行为组织为相位相干的静态SC、相位非相干的准静态PG和相位非相干的动态SM。静态RML方案产生可精确求解的PG哈密顿量，其具有节点电子极点、反节点能隙、分辨率展宽的费米弧以及无隙电荷2e库珀表面。库珀表面的Lifshitz转变在比热系数和电荷响应中产生对数增强，且无自旋奇点。有限质心动量下的粒子-粒子连续体产生欧姆阻尼，而动态RML方案产生具有边缘费米液体标度的单圈自能。物理对谱中的谱重转移可诊断PG-SM交叉，而非零相位刚度和全局相位相干性则可识别SC。RML理论将单粒子、对敏感和热力学探针与一个库珀通道的三种红外组织相关联，决定性的实验特征将是双电子角分辨光电子能谱（2e-ARPES）中的零能库珀表面脊。
英文摘要
Cuprate superconductors host \(d\)-wave superconductivity (SC), a pseudogap (PG) with Fermi arcs and a strange metal (SM) with incoherent excitations and temperature-linear resistivity. These regimes emerge from the same doped Mott system but are usually described separately. Here a relative-momentum-local (RML) theory is constructed, with the exact spin-singlet Cooper representation of antiferromagnetic superexchange in the \(t\)-\(J\) model serving as a common thread. Pair correlations organize the low-energy behaviour of this Cooper channel into phase-coherent static SC, phase-incoherent quasi-static PG and phase-incoherent dynamic SM. A static RML prescription yields an exactly solvable PG Hamiltonian with nodal electron poles, antinodal gaps, resolution-broadened Fermi arcs and gapless charge-\(2e\) Cooper surfaces. A Cooper-surface Lifshitz transition generates logarithmic enhancements in the specific-heat coefficient and charge response without a spin singularity. The particle-particle continuum at finite centre-of-mass momentum produces Ohmic damping, while a dynamic RML prescription yields a one-loop self-energy with marginal-Fermi-liquid scaling. Spectral-weight transfer in the physical pair spectrum diagnoses the PG--SM crossover, whereas nonzero phase stiffness and global phase coherence identify SC. The RML theory relates single-particle, pair-sensitive and thermodynamic probes to three infrared organizations of one Cooper channel. A decisive experimental signature would be zero-energy Cooper-surface ridges in two-electron angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (2e-ARPES).
Comments17 pages, 3 figures
