AI 中文总结
该研究以横向场伊辛模型描述开放量子电池，发现集体耗散可产生对称保护暗态与类亚稳态，能提升功值和充电功率，反铁磁构型因受保护子空间位置优势表现更优，为优化量子电池性能提供了关键资源。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了对称保护暗态和类亚稳态冻结态在横向场伊辛模型描述的开放量子电池自主充电动力学中的作用。通过在一系列系统尺寸、温度和磁相中对比局域耗散与集体耗散，我们证明集体耗散会产生对称保护暗态以及数量大得多的冻结（类亚稳态）态，形成扩展的受保护希尔伯特空间。我们解析推导了集体暗区的多重性，表明其对于偶数系统尺寸遵循卡特兰序列，而奇数尺寸下不存在此类态。我们的结果显示，集体耗散可提升功值（ergotropy）和充电功率，其优势取决于温度、磁相和系统尺寸。虽然铁磁相与反铁磁相中的暗态与冻结态数量相同，但由于这些受保护态的谱位置不同，可实现的功值差异显著。特别地，反铁磁构型因受保护子空间在多体能谱中的有利位置，展现出大得多的可提取功。最后，我们分析了活跃希尔伯特空间分数，表明类亚稳态保护是抑制耗散损失同时保留有效充电路径的有效机制。这些结果确立了暗态和冻结态区为通过工程化耗散优化开放量子电池性能的关键资源。
英文摘要
We investigate the role of symmetry-protected dark states and metastable-like frozen states in the autonomous charging dynamics of open quantum batteries described by a transverse-field Ising model. By comparing local and collective dissipation over a range of system sizes, temperatures, and magnetic phases, we demonstrate that collective dissipation generates symmetry-protected dark states together with a much larger set of frozen (metastable) states, forming an extended protected Hilbert space. We derive the multiplicity of the collective dark sector analytically, showing that it follows the Catalan sequence for even system sizes, while such states are absent for odd sizes. Our results show that collective dissipation can enhance ergotropy and charging power, with its advantage depending on temperature, magnetic phase, and system size. While the number of dark and frozen states is identical in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases, the achievable ergotropy differs substantially because of the different spectral locations of these protected states. In particular, the antiferromagnetic configuration exhibits considerably larger extractable work owing to the favorable positioning of the protected subspaces within the many-body energy spectrum. Finally, we analyze the active Hilbert-space fraction and show that metastable protection provides an effective mechanism for suppressing dissipative losses while preserving efficient charging pathways. These results establish the dark-state and frozen-state sectors as key resources for optimizing the performance of open quantum batteries through engineered dissipation.
CommentsThis work has been submitted as a preprint on arXiv and is intended for future publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The authors retain all rights for formal publication
