AI 中文总结
本研究为 FRIB 开发了水冷双金属微通道束流 dump，通过倾斜结构、双金属设计及微通道实现高效热管理，经实验验证其热性能符合设计要求，适用于高功率重离子加速器。
AI 中文摘要
束流拦截装置的高效热管理对高功率重离子加速器至关重要，因为强烈且局域化的能量沉积会限制主束流功率和运行可靠性。本研究介绍了为稀有同位素束流设施（FRIB，领先的实验核物理设施）开发的水冷双金属微通道束流 dump 的热设计与实验验证。该设计整合了三项关键热特性：倾斜吸收器几何结构以降低局部热通量；CuCrZr/Al2219 双金属结构以增强热扩散同时保持水侧兼容性；2 毫米宽的微通道以实现高对流热移除。开发了共轭热模型，用于预测在代表性束流加载条件下的表面温度、内部温度梯度、双金属界面温度、冷却剂温度升幅及热裕度。原型在约 5×10⁻⁴ torr 的真空环境中使用 17 keV 电子束进行验证，表面温度通过红外热成像测量，内部温度通过嵌入式热电偶测量。计算的表面温度分布与测量结果基本一致，中心束流照射时绝对温度的实验不确定度为 4%，内部温度测量结果在 15% 范围内合理吻合，主要源于热电偶位置和束流位置校准的不确定度。经验证的模型确认，该微通道束流 dump 在 FRIB 中等功率运行条件下可将吸收器温度维持在设计限值内。这些结果证明了双金属微通道冷却在重离子加速器设施紧凑型高热通量束流 dump 系统中的有效性。
英文摘要
Efficient thermal management of beam-intercepting devices is essential for high-power heavy-ion accelerators,where intense and localized energy deposition can limit primary beam power and operational reliability. This work presents the thermal design and experimental validation of a water-cooled bimetallic minichannel beam dump developed for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a leading experimental nuclear physics facility. The design integrates three key thermal features: a tilted absorber geometry to reduce local heat flux, a CuCrZr/Al2219 bimetallic structure to enhance heat spreading while maintaining water-side compatibility, and 2-mm-wide minichannels to achieve high convective heat removal. A conjugate thermal model was developed to predict surface temperature, internal temperature gradients, bimetallic-interface temperature, coolant temperature rise, and thermal margin under representative beam-loading conditions. The prototype was validated in vacuum ($\approx$5$\times 10^{-4}$ torr) using a 17-keV electron beam. Surface temperatures were measured by infrared thermography, and internal temperatures were measured using embedded thermocouples. The calculated surface temperature distributions were generally consistent with the measurements within the experimental uncertainty of 4$\%$ in absolute temperature for central beam irradiation, while internal temperature measurements showed reasonable agreement within 15$\%$, mainly due to uncertainties in thermocouple placement and beam-position calibration. The validated model confirms that the minichannel beam dump can maintain absorber temperatures within the design limit under intermediate-power FRIB operating conditions. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of bimetallic minichannel cooling for compact, high-heat-flux beam dump systems in heavy-ion accelerator facilities.
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