AI 中文总结
该研究提出稀疏相干结构框架，通过实验验证其能准确描述中度或强非线性波场的怪波统计，相比传统模型更优且简洁，为相关领域提供物理联系。
AI 中文摘要
传统怪波统计模型依赖于随机海洋的线性或弱非线性描述，而本研究通过实验表明，中度或强非线性波场可由类孤子相干包的稀疏集合表示，这些包呈现对数正态振幅分布、均匀分布的相位及峰值出现时间。该稀疏相干结构框架自然引出极值描述，其中超越概率由相干结构振幅分布的尾部决定。该预测通过多种单向海况下的实验室流体动力学实验验证，与实验观测吻合良好，且在保留分析简洁性的同时，优于传统统计预测模型。本研究结果为稀疏相干结构与怪波概率之间提供了直接的基于物理的联系，对光学、冷气体及等离子体中的非线性波物理具有更广泛的意义。
英文摘要
While conventional rogue wave statistical models rely on linear or weakly nonlinear descriptions of random seas, we demonstrate experimentally that moderately or strongly nonlinear wave fields can be represented by sparse ensembles of coherent soliton-like packets. These packets exhibit log-normal amplitude distributions together with uniformly distributed phases and peak emergence times. This sparse coherent structure framework naturally leads to an extreme value description in which the probability of exceedance is governed by the tail of the coherent-structure amplitude distribution. The prediction is validated against laboratory hydrodynamic experiments across a variety of unidirectional sea states, showing good agreement with the experimental observations and comparing favourably with conventional statistical prediction models while retaining analytical simplicity. Our results provide a direct physics-based link between sparse coherent structures and rogue wave probabilities, with broader implications for nonlinear wave physics in optics, cold gases, and plasmas.
