基于门的光子量子比特玻色采样模拟
Gate-based emulation of boson sampling using photonic qubits
AI总结：
本文提出一种将多量子比特态编码为玻色福克态的可扩展量子电路框架，在四量子比特门基光子量子比特系统上实验实现了四模式玻色采样模拟，可用于解决门基量子计算机上的采样复杂性问题。
AI中文摘要：
由线性光学网络中多光子干涉产生的玻色采样是量子计算领域一种重要的非通用模型。本文通过将多量子比特态编码为玻色福克态，提出了一种可扩展的量子电路框架，用于在通用量子计算平台上模拟玻色采样。从单光子和双光子区域的平衡分束器变换出发，我们推导了等效量子电路实现方案，并借助辅助量子比特辅助编码将其统一在共同的希尔伯特空间表示中。该构造随后被推广至任意干涉仪，方法是将每个光学分束器替换为一个重复的量子电路单元，该单元仅在相关的局部干涉子空间内选择性作用；对于双光子N模式干涉仪，该方案需要N+1个量子比特，并采用线性开销的子空间识别过程。利用此框架，我们开发了四模式玻色采样电路的门基量子电路，并在四量子比特门基光子量子比特系统上进行了实验实现。这种用于模拟m模式下n光子玻色采样的量子比特框架，将有助于在门基量子计算机上解决广泛的采样复杂性问题。
英文摘要：
Boson sampling arising from multiphoton interference in linear-optical networks is a prominent non-universal model for quantum computation. Here, by encoding the multi-qubit state to bosonic Fock state, we present a scalable quantum-circuit framework for simulating boson sampling on a universal quantum computing platform. Beginning with balanced beam-splitter transformations on the single- and two-photon sectors, we derive equivalent quantum-circuit implementations and unify them within a common Hilbert-space representation using an ancilla-assisted encoding. This construction is then generalized to arbitrary interferometers by replacing each optical beam splitter with a repeating quantum-circuit unit that selectively acts only within the relevant local interference subspace, requiring $N+1$ qubits for a two-photon $N$-mode interferometer and a linear-overhead subspace-identification procedure. Using this framework, gate-based quantum circuit for a four-mode boson-sampling circuit is developed and experimentally implemented on a four-qubit gate-based photonic qubit system. The qubit framework for emulating boson sampling of $n-$photons in $m-$mode will be useful to solve a broad class of sampling complexity problem on a gate-based quantum computers.
