AI 中文总结
针对天线位置和取向任意的阵列方向图快速估计问题，提出基于叠加原理的SBF框架，计算速度比全波仿真快至少50倍，精度相当且能效高。
AI 中文摘要
天线阵列理论是一门成熟的领域，但针对天线位置和取向任意的阵列，尚未开发出系统的快速方向图估计方法。本文基于单个天线单元的仿真（或实测）辐射方向图，提出了一种基于叠加原理的框架（Superposition-Based Framework，SBF），用于数值计算阵列辐射方向图，该框架可方便地修改天线单元的位置和取向。为验证该框架，设计了一款工作在5.02 GHz（欧空局Celeste频率）的紧凑型双层圆极化贴片天线，并将其用作8单元环形天线的阵列单元。利用所提框架和单个单元的远场方向图，计算阵列辐射方向图耗时13秒（不含单个单元仿真时间），比对应的全波仿真快至少50倍，同时保持相当的精度。与CST仿真的对比显示，针对目标极化的峰值电场误差小于0.5%。全波仿真内存和能耗密集，因此对于更大的阵列不实用，而所提SBF计算功耗低，具备高能效和可持续性。
英文摘要
Antenna array theory is a well-established field. However, a systematic approach for fast pattern estimation in arrays with arbitrary antenna locations and orientations has not yet been developed. In this paper, based on simulated (or measured) radiation patterns of a single element, we present a Superposition-Based Framework (SBF) for numerically computing array radiation patterns in which the positions and orientations of the antenna elements can be readily modified. To validate the framework, a compact dual-layer circularly polarized patch antenna at 5.02 GHz (ESA's Celeste frequency) is designed and used as an array element in an 8-element ring antenna. Using the proposed framework and the single-element far-field pattern, the array radiation pattern is computed in 13s (excluding single-element simulation time), which is at least 50 times faster than the corresponding full-wave simulation while maintaining comparable accuracy. Comparisons with CST simulations show a peak E-field error of less than 0.5% for the intended polarization. Full-wave simulations are memory- and energy-intensive, and hence, impractical for larger arrays. The proposed SBF requires low computational power, making it energy-efficient and sustainable.
