马约拉纳模的噪声编织：纳米线三结与量子点辅助架构的比较
Noisy Braiding of Majorana Modes: A Comparison of Nanowire Trijunction and Quantum-Dot-Assisted Architectures
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文通过模拟含时Bogoliubov–de Gennes动力学，比较纳米线三结与量子点辅助两种马约拉纳模编织架构的噪声性能，发现量子点辅助架构误差更低，慢准静态噪声是其主要限制，为抗噪声量子门设计提供依据。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
马约拉纳零模已成为拓扑量子计算最具前景的平台之一，因其非阿贝尔编织统计允许将量子信息非局域编码，并通过编织操作进行操控，原则上这类操作可抵御局域扰动。但实际中，编织的鲁棒性取决于物理实现：有限时间操作、残余耦合和环境噪声都会在交换过程中将局域激发转化为逻辑误差。本文通过微观比较两种代表性编织架构——纳米线三结和量子点辅助装置，在无噪声和有噪声条件下模拟完整的含时Bogoliubov–de Gennes动力学，解决上述问题。结果表明，量子点辅助架构因交换机制更局域，在更短时间内始终实现更低误差，该优势在噪声存在时依然保持；空间分辨分析进一步显示，量子点辅助几何中，局域在量子点的快噪声产生的误差小于纳米线上的等效噪声，而量子点上的慢准静态噪声成为主要限制因素。综上，这些发现将不同误差贡献与器件几何直接关联，为抗噪声马约拉纳基量子门指明了具体设计原则。
英文摘要
Majorana zero modes have emerged as one of the most promising platforms for topological quantum computation, since their non-Abelian braiding statistics allow quantum information to be encoded nonlocally and manipulated through braiding operations that are, in principle, protected against local perturbations. In practice, however, a braid is only as robust as its physical implementation: finite-time operation, residual couplings, and environmental noise can all convert local excitations into logical errors during the exchange process. Here, we address this question through a microscopic comparison of two representative braiding architectures, a nanowire trijunction and a quantum-dot-assisted setup, simulating the full time-dependent Bogoliubov--de Gennes dynamics under both noiseless and noisy conditions. We show that the dot-assisted architecture consistently achieves a lower error over a shorter timescale than the trijunction, owing to its more localized exchange mechanism. This advantage persists in the presence of noise, and a spatially resolved analysis further reveals that, in the dot-assisted geometry, fast noise localized on the dot produces a smaller error than equivalent noise on the wires, whereas slow, quasi-static noise on the dot becomes the dominant limitation. Taken together, these findings link the different error contributions directly to device geometry, pointing to concrete design principles for noise-resilient Majorana-based quantum gates.
