AI 中文总结
本文通过Mininet仿真结合DNP3协议模型，评估DoS和TDA对AMI通信的影响，发现攻击会降低网络性能、增加通信不可用率，还会导致能源需求估算不确定性，在10000台智能电表的区域部署下可造成每日最高5097美元的经济损失。
AI 中文摘要
高级量测体系（Advanced Metering Infrastructure，AMI）在现代电力系统中发挥着重要作用，它为运行规划和负荷估算提供近实时的能耗数据。尽管如此，AMI通信网络仍易遭受某些网络攻击，例如拒绝服务攻击（Denial-of-Service，DoS）和时延攻击（Time Delay Attacks，TDA），这些攻击可能会损害数据可用性。本文使用基于Mininet的仿真环境评估这些攻击类型对AMI通信的影响，该仿真环境实现了受分布式网络协议3（Distributed Network Protocol 3，DNP3）启发的通信模型，用于智能电表、数据集中器和公用事业系统之间的通信。本文分析了不同的网络攻击场景，包括通信时延、丢包率、组合降级率（D_rate）以及集中器故障，以评估它们对网络性能和数据可用性的影响。结果表明，在攻击条件下，网络延迟增加、通信不可用率升高，且数据可靠性降低。此外，本研究关联了通信降级如何导致能源需求估算的潜在不确定性，并使用来自新英格兰独立系统运营商（Independent System Operator-New England，ISO-NE）的电价数据估算了相关的经济影响。实验结果显示，500毫秒的时延将平均往返时间（Round-trip time，RTT）从0.22毫秒增加到69.5毫秒，而50%的丢包场景导致87次超时事件和5.31%的通信降级率。在10000台智能电表的区域部署下，这种降级在正常市场条件下估计会造成每天1009美元的经济影响，而在电价高峰时段则高达每天5097美元。
英文摘要
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) plays an important role in modern power systems by providing near real-time consumption data for operational planning and load estimation. Despite this, AMI communication networks are vulnerable to certain cyberattack types, such as denial-of-service (DoS) and time delay attacks (TDAs), which may compromise data availability. This paper evaluates the impact of these attack types on AMI communication using a Mininet-based simulation environment that implements a communication model inspired by the Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3) for communication among smart meters, data concentrators, and utility systems. Different cyberattack scenarios are analyzed, including communication delay, packet loss, combined degradation rate (D_rate), and concentrator failure, to evaluate their effects on network performance and data availability. The results indicate increased latency, higher communication unavailability rates, and reduced data reliability under attack conditions. In addition, the study correlates how communication degradation can result in potential uncertainties in energy demand estimation and provides estimates of the associated financial impacts on energy procurement, using electricity pricing data from the Independent System Operator-New England (ISO-NE). The experimental results reveal that a 500 ms delay increased the average RTT (Round-trip time) from 0.22 ms to 69.5 ms, while a 50% packet loss scenario resulted in 87 timeout events and a 5.31% communication degradation rate. Under a regional-scale deployment of 10,000 smart meters, this degradation could cause an estimated economic impact of $1,009/day under normal market conditions and up to $5,097/day during high-price events.
CommentsIEEE North American Power Symposium (NAPS) 2026, 6 pages
