同伴效应中的非对称性
Asymmetries in Peer Effects
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出结构性非对称同伴效应模型，经学生数据验证存在同伴效应非对称性，且该非对称性对定向干预政策至关重要，忽略它会导致福利损失。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
个体往往会受到同伴的影响，因为偏离主流行为会带来社交成本。然而，现有的同伴效应模型通常假设个体对表现优于自己或差于自己的同伴的反应是相似的。本文提出了一种新颖的结构性非对称同伴效应模型，其中从众动机取决于个体相对于每个同伴的表现是低于还是高于。我们证明该模型存在唯一均衡，且其参数可通过简单的矩条件进行识别和估计。将我们的方法应用于多项学生表现指标，我们发现了同伴效应存在非对称性的有力证据。随后，我们通过研究预算约束下的定向干预措施，证明这些非对称性具有高度政策相关性。若忽略这种非对称性，会导致治疗分配低效和重大福利损失，使福利水平降至与无社交互动的基准情形相当的程度。
英文摘要
Individuals are often influenced by their peers because deviating from prevailing behavior entails social costs. However, existing peer effects models typically assume that individuals respond similarly to peers who perform better or worse than they do. This paper introduces a novel structural model of asymmetric peer effects in which conformity incentives depend on whether individuals perform below or above each of their peers. We establish that the model admits a unique equilibrium and show that its parameters can be identified and estimated through simple moment conditions. Applying our method to several student outcomes, we uncover strong evidence of asymmetries in peer effects. We then demonstrate that these asymmetries are highly policy-relevant by studying targeted interventions under budget constraints. Ignoring asymmetries leads to inefficient treatment allocation and substantial welfare losses, reducing welfare to levels comparable to those in a benchmark without social interactions.
