对SPARC中径向加速度关系的单参数结构修正的可识别性检验
An Identifiability Audit of One-Parameter Structural Corrections to the Radial Acceleration Relation in SPARC
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究通过可识别性检验探究SPARC旋转曲线中RAR的单参数结构修正能否被唯一恢复，发现仅气体主导的低加速度盘星系中RAR残差与致密性相关，同时明确了修正的提取极限。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们探究能否从SPARC旋转曲线中唯一恢复对径向加速度关系（RAR）的任意单参数结构修正，并通过可识别性检验给出答案：每个候选修正均针对单个星系的干扰自由度进行基准测试，同时对比仅质量基准和数据质量基准进行预测评分。在全部样本（N=126）中，答案为不能：混合致密性项可提升拟合效果，但零点自由度会抵消该增益；在交叉验证中，该模型无法优于仅质量基准，且输给数据质量标志基准。存在一类保留结构信息的情况：在气体主导、低加速度的盘星系中——此处MOND的严格局域性与ΛCDM反馈模型的分歧最为显著——RAR残差与致密性相关（r=0.46，p=1.3×10⁻⁴），在分层部分池化下仍具显著性（β=0.23，p=1.7×10⁻⁵；N=63），且在对质量、倾角误差、一阶压力支撑等因素进行规范联合控制后仍成立（r=0.30，p=0.02）。所有显著结果均通过了Benjamini-Hochberg校正（针对声明的27个测试族）。存在三个限制条件：该结果在对最宽代理集进行基于秩的控制时不显著；其存在于微弱矮星系中，现有独立调查无法覆盖；经质量控制后，该结果可在质量-大小流形中共享。压力支撑对解释起到限制作用：各向同性漂移修正会抵消四分之一的振幅，而Jeans处理会过度修正已解析的情况，使得物理起源无法确定。该检验的产出为提取极限：所宣称的修正必须超过单个星系0.106 dex的干扰下限、仅质量基准及数据质量分层。
英文摘要
We ask whether any one-parameter structural correction to the radial acceleration relation (RAR) can be uniquely recovered from SPARC rotation curves, and answer with an identifiability audit: each candidate is benchmarked against per-galaxy nuisance freedom, with predictive scoring against mass-only and data-quality baselines. In the full sample (N = 126) the answer is no: a hybrid compactness term improves the fit, but zero-point freedom absorbs the gain, and in cross-validation the model fails to out-predict a mass-only baseline and loses to a quality-flag baseline. One regime retains structural information: in gas-dominated, low-acceleration disks -- where MOND's strict locality and $Λ$CDM feedback models diverge most sharply -- the RAR residual correlates with compactness ($r=0.46$, $p=1.3\times10^{-4}$), remains significant under hierarchical partial pooling ($β=0.23$, $p=1.7\times10^{-5}$; N = 63), and survives canonical joint control for quality, sampling, mass, inclination error, and first-order pressure support ($r=0.30$, $p=0.02$). All significant results pass a Benjamini-Hochberg correction over the declared 27-test family. Three limits temper that survival: it is not significant under rank-based control over the widest proxy set; it resides in faint dwarfs independent surveys do not reach; and after mass control it is shared across the mass-size manifold. Pressure support brackets the interpretation -- isotropic drift correction absorbs a quarter of the amplitude, while a Jeans treatment overcorrects resolved cases -- leaving the physical origin undetermined. The audit's product is the extraction limit: claimed corrections must clear the 0.106 dex per-galaxy nuisance floor, a mass-only baseline, and data-quality stratification.
