从支架到内化：利用原位可视化与运动反馈强化心肺复苏（CPR）训练
From Scaffolding to Internalization: Enhancing CPR Training with In-Situ Visualization and Kinesthetic Feedback
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究针对现有CPR训练系统依赖外部反馈导致技能保持差的问题，设计了阶段自适应多模态混合现实训练系统Kinesthetic-CPR，经60人参与的受控研究验证，为CPR训练系统提供了设计启示。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
心肺复苏（CPR）训练要求学习者不仅要理解按压深度、频率等明确的程序目标，还要将这些目标内化为稳定的心理运动技能。然而，现有的CPR训练系统往往依赖于动作空间之外的反馈，这会分散学习者在实施按压与监控外部指导之间的注意力。这种分离削弱了动作与身体感觉之间的耦合，可能导致学习者过度依赖外部反馈，一旦移除支持就会影响技能保持。为应对这一挑战，我们对新手学员和认证基础生命支持（BLS）讲师开展了一项形成性研究，从中得出三项设计目标：将反馈嵌入任务空间、提供主动运动指导、根据学习阶段逐步淡化辅助。基于这些见解，我们设计了Kinesthetic-CPR，这是一种阶段自适应的多模态混合现实CPR训练系统，并在包含两个子研究的受控用户研究中对其进行了评估（总样本量N=60）。本研究为旨在更好支持技能保持的CPR训练系统提供了设计启示。
英文摘要
CPR training requires learners to not only understand explicit procedural targets, such as compression depth and rate, but also to internalize these targets as stable psychomotor skills. However, existing CPR training systems often rely on feedback presented outside the action space, which divides learners' attention between performing compressions and monitoring external guidance. This separation weakens the coupling between action and bodily sensation and may lead to an over-reliance on external feedback, compromising skill retention once support is removed. To address this challenge, we conducted a formative study with novice trainees and certified BLS instructors, from which we derived three design goals: embedding feedback within the task space, providing active kinesthetic guidance, and gradually fading assistance based on learning phases. Informed by these insights, we designed Kinesthetic-CPR, a stage-adaptive multimodal mixed reality CPR training system, and evaluated it in a controlled user study across two sub-studies (N = 60). This work offers design implications for CPR training systems that aim to better support skill retention.
