AI 中文总结
该研究提出无需黑洞视界，可通过紧致能层区域约束负能量碎片，利用旋转玻色子星实现无视界的彭罗斯过程，为彭罗斯过程的实现提供新途径。
AI 中文摘要
在标准黑洞实现中，彭罗斯过程利用事件视界移除负能量碎片。我们证明，在运动学层面，视界吸收可被紧致 ergoregion（能层区域）内的约束取代，无需施加吸收或反射性内边界。对于一大类正则、稳态、轴对称、渐近平坦的无视界时空，我们证明空间能层的每个光滑连通分量都是紧致环面，与场方程和物质内容无关。具有负Killing能量的未来指向测地线会遇到这类边界分量的禁邻域，因此被约束。我们推导了外部无势垒条件，确定了一组开集的在壳、未来指向、四动量守恒的分裂，可产生被约束的负能量碎片和放大的伙伴。在赤道反射对称性下，一旦后者沿外向分支进入外部通道，必然到达无穷远。旋转玻色子星明确实现了无视界的完整过程。
英文摘要
In its standard black-hole realization, the Penrose process uses an event horizon to remove a negative-energy fragment. We show that, at the kinematic level, horizon absorption can instead be replaced by confinement within a compact ergoregion, without imposing an absorbing or reflecting inner boundary. For a broad class of regular, stationary, axisymmetric, asymptotically flat horizonless spacetimes, we prove that every smooth connected component of the spatial ergosurface is a compact torus, independently of the field equations and matter content. Future-directed geodesics with negative Killing energy encounter a forbidden neighborhood of each such boundary component and are therefore confined. We derive an exterior no-barrier condition and identify an open set of on-shell, future-directed, four-momentum-conserving splittings producing both a confined negative-energy fragment and an amplified partner. Under equatorial reflection symmetry, once the latter enters the exterior channel on an outward branch, it necessarily reaches infinity. A rotating boson star explicitly realizes the complete process without a horizon.
Comments5 pages plus 5 pages of Supplemental Material, 1 figure
