AI 中文总结
SuperEM是一种新型探测器架构，可规避“不可能三角”局限，兼具亚meV阈值、高分辨率与快速响应，用于宇宙中微子背景及亚GeV轻暗物质探测。
AI 中文摘要
拓展辐射探测的运行边界对当代粒子物理、天体物理与宇宙学至关重要。在该前沿领域，直接探测宇宙中微子背景（CνB）、确定绝对中微子质量标度以及搜寻亚GeV轻暗物质（LDM），需要具备亚毫电子伏特（sub-meV）能量阈值、卓越的绝对能量分辨率、快速时间响应及大规模可扩展性的探测器架构。当前技术面临固有局限——“不可能三角”：优化亚meV阈值会不可避免地损害宏观时间响应或空间可扩展性。本文提出超导耦合半导体电子倍增（SuperEM）探测器，这是一种可规避该局限的全新结构范式。该架构将超导吸收体的超低能量阈值与强偏置高密度半导体PN结的固有高增益数字化相结合。入射能量会产生大量非平衡准粒子，这些准粒子随后通过超薄原子层沉积（ALD）绝缘势垒的量子隧穿被提取。基于此前对深低温雪崩机制的实验验证，本文确立了完整器件的基本理论可行性与结构基础。信号传输模拟证实，未掺杂界面与强漂移场结合可实现高效纳秒级瞬态电子漂移，在35纳秒内完全恢复。因此，SuperEM架构为下一代CνB与LDM观测站提供了可扩展、高分辨率且快速时间响应的框架。
英文摘要
Expanding the operational boundaries of radiation detection is imperative for contemporary particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. At this frontier, the direct detection of the Cosmic Neutrino Background (C$ν$B), the determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, and the search for sub-GeV Light Dark Matter (LDM) necessitate detector architectures capable of sub-millielectronvolt (sub-meV) energy thresholds, exceptional absolute energy resolution, fast time response, and massive scalability. Current technologies confront an intrinsic limit---the ``impossible triangle''---wherein optimizing for sub-meV thresholds inherently compromises either macroscopic timing response or spatial scalability. Here, we introduce the Superconductor-Coupled Semiconductor Electron-Multiplying (SuperEM) detector, a fundamentally novel structural paradigm designed to bypass this limitation. The architecture couples the ultra-low energy threshold of a superconducting absorber with the intrinsic high-gain digitization of a strongly biased, high-density semiconductor P-N junction. Incident energy yields a proliferation of non-equilibrium quasiparticles, which are subsequently extracted via quantum tunneling across an ultra-thin Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) insulating barrier. Building upon our prior empirical validation of deep-cryogenic avalanche mechanics, this manuscript establishes the fundamental theoretical feasibility and structural foundation of the complete device. Signal transport simulations confirm that an undoped interface coupled with a strong drift field enables highly efficient, nanosecond-scale transient electron drift, resolving completely within 35 ns. The SuperEM architecture thus constitutes a scalable, high-resolution, and fast time-response framework for next-generation C$ν$B and LDM observatories.
Comments22 pages, 4 figures
